Renal histology

Question 1

Endothelial cell

Answer 1

Lines blood vessels, regulates exchange

Question 2

Basement membrane

Answer 2

ECM, provides support between epithelial tissues

Question 3

Podocyte

Answer 3

Bowman’s capsule, wraps around glomerulus

Question 4

Primary pedicle

Answer 4

Processes from podocytes - trabecular

Question 5

Secondary pedicle

Answer 5

Branching from primary pedicles

Question 6

Filtration slits

Answer 6

Spaces between pedicles on glomerular basement membrane

Question 7

Malpighian corpuscle

Answer 7

Beginning of nephron, glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

Question 8

Mesangial cells

Answer 8

Form mesangium of glomerulus and renal corpuscle

Question 9

Bowman’s space

Answer 9

Between visceral and parietal layers

Question 10

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 10

Beginning of nephron, filters blood initially

Question 11

PCT

Answer 11

Reabsorbs glucose

Question 12

DCT

Answer 12

Acid-base balance, fine tunes concentrations

Question 13

Glomerular capsule

Answer 13

Bowman’s capsule

Question 14

Macula densa

Answer 14

Lines DCT where it meets with LOH

Question 15

Juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 15

Secrete renin

Question 16

Vascular pole

Answer 16

Arterioles enter and leave glomerulus

Question 17

Urinary pole

Answer 17

PCT, outflow of glomerular filtrate

Question 18

Arterioles

Answer 18

Afferent brings blood to and efferent away

Question 19

Glomerulus

Answer 19

Network of blood vessels at beginning of nephron

Question 20

Renal corpuscle

Answer 20

Blood filtering component of nephron

Question 21

Collecting tubules

Answer 21

Transport urine from nephrons to larger ducts and CD

Question 22

LOH

Answer 22

Conducts urine, recovery of water and NaCl

Question 23

What happens when BP falls?

Answer 23

• Kidneys sense decrease in BP and release renin from JGA
• Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin i
• ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) converts angiotensin i to angiotensin ii
• Angiotensin ii = vasoconstriction = increased BP
• Angiotensin ii stimulates aldosterone release from adrenal glands
• Aldosterone promotes reabsorption of sodium and water
• BP and volume increases

Question 24

What does PCT do?

Answer 24

Absorb 80% of ions

Question 25

What does descending LOH do?

Answer 25

Water escapes here

Question 26

What does ascending LOH do?

Answer 26

Release NaCl

Question 27

Where is ADH released from?

Answer 27

Posterior pituitary

Question 28

Action of aldosterone on DCT

Answer 28

Retains sodium but not potassium or hydrogen

Question 29

Where is aldosterone released

Answer 29

Zona glomerulosa

Question 30

How do cells from the PCT appear under a microscope?

Answer 30

Single layer of large cuboidal cells, brush borders small, uneven lumen, dark pink staining

Question 31

How do cells from the DCT appear under a microscope?

Answer 31

Single layer of medium cuboidal cells, smaller perimeter than PCT, larger lumen than PCT

Question 32

How do cells from the LOH appear under a microscope

Answer 32

Simple squamous cells

Question 33

How do cells from the CD appear under a microscope?

Answer 33

Simple cuboidal cells, most pale staining cells, very distinct basement membrane