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Renal > Interpreting ABG 1 > Flashcards

Interpreting ABG 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is T1RF

A

Hypoxia without hypercapnia due to high A-a gradient

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2
Q

What is T2RF

A

Hypoxia without hypercapnia - involves hyperventilation

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3
Q

Hypoxia

A

Insufficient oxygen in tissues

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4
Q

Hypoxaemia

A

Low PaO2

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5
Q

Will you be hypoxic if you are hypoxaemic

A

Yes

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6
Q

VBG not ABG

A
  • FiO2 = 21%
  • pO2 = 8%
  • SO2 = 98%
  • Hb = 150
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7
Q

Stroke

A
  • FiO2 = 21%
  • pO2 = 11
  • SO2 = 98%
  • Hb = 130
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8
Q

COPD

A
  • FiO2 = 21%
  • pO2 = 9.6
  • SO2 = 88%
  • Hb = 155
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9
Q

Anaemia

A
  • FiO2 = 21%
  • pO2 = 11
  • SO2 = 98%
  • Hb = 58
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10
Q

What is FiO2

A

Fraction of inspired oxygen - normally 21%

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11
Q

What is Pi

A

Pressure of inspired air

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12
Q

What is PAO2

A

How well Hb attaches to RBCs

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13
Q

What is PAO2

A

PP of oxygen in alveoli

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14
Q

What is PaO2

A

PP of oxygen in arteries

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15
Q

Alveolar-arterial gradient

A

PAO2 - PaO2

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16
Q

What is SO2

A

Oxygen bound to Hb

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17
Q

Does CO2 or O2 diffuse more easily

A

CO2

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18
Q

Are PACO2 and PaCO2 equal?

A

Assumed to be

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19
Q

Function of chemoreceptors

A

detect increase in PaCO2 and correct any rise by increasing ventilation but PaO2 is not so quickly corrected

20
Q

What is PaCO2 proportional to

A

(VCO2 x k) / VA

21
Q

PAO2

A

(FiO2(Pi-PH2O)) - (PaCO2/RER)

22
Q

PaO2

A

(FiO2(Pi-PH2O)) - (PaCO2/RER) - (A-a gradient)

23
Q

How does poor diffusion from lung to blood occur?

A

Thick membrane, small SA and increased circulation time

24
Q

Examples of poor diffusion from lung to blood

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

Exercise

25
Q

How does V/Q mismatch occur?

A

Blood not getting to lung or/and air not getting to alveoli

26
Q

Examples of V/Q mismatch

A

PE
Atelectasis
Pulmonary oedema

27
Q

How does shunt occur?

A

Blood bypassing lungs

28
Q

Examples of V/Q mismatch

A

Ventricular septal defect

29
Q

How is oxygen saturation increased

A

Increase in FiO2

30
Q

Where is ventilation regulated

A

Respiratory centre in brainstem

31
Q

SO2

A

Oxygen saturation in blood

32
Q

SaO2

A

Saturation in arterial blood

33
Q

How is PaO2 dictated

A

Alveolar ventilation, matching ventilation with perfusion and concentration of o2 in air

34
Q

V/Q mismatch

A

Not all blood in lungs meets well-ventilated alveoli and not all alveoli are perfused with blood

35
Q

Why is hyperventilating good?

A

Shifting more air in and out of alveoli to blow off CO
More blood passing through can offload more CO
Lowers CO
Non-shunted blood compensates for high CO

36
Q

Nasal prongs

A

Fio2< 40%. Comfortable and convenient.Fio2non-specific: depends on flow rate (1–6 L/min) and ventilation.

37
Q

Standard face mask

A

Fio230–50% at flow rates 6–10 L/min but imprecise. May cause CO2retention at flows less than 5 L/min (rebreathing) and, therefore, not useful for providing lowerFio2.

38
Q

high-flow face mask

A

Fio224–60%. Delivers fixed, predictableFio2. Ideal for providing controlled, accurate O2therapy at low concentrations.

39
Q

Face mask with reservoir

A

Fio260–80%. Can achieve even higherFio2with a tight-fitting mask. Useful for short-term use in respiratory emergencies.

40
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

Fio221–100%. Used in severely unwell patients with very high O2requirements, especially in patients with ventilatory failure. The patient is sedated and mechanically ventilated.

41
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

any process other than rise in PaCO2 that lowers blood pH - caused by too much metabolic acid or too much base excretion - hyperventilation big symptom

42
Q

Raised anion gap

A

lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, renal failure, poisoning, rhabdomyolysis

43
Q

Normal anion gap

A

renal rube acidosis, diarrhoea, adrenal insufficiency, ammonium chloride ingestion, urinary diversion, drugs - normally caused by loss of HCO3-

44
Q

What do kidneys do with reduced HCO3-

A

Retain Cl-

45
Q

DKA triad

A

High anion gap metabolic acidosis
Elevated plasma glucose
Ketone presence

46
Q

Metabolic alkalosis causes

A

gastric secretions, potassium depletion, Cushing syndrome, Conn syndrome, diarrhoea

Renal (26 decks)

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