Ureter and kidney anatoy

Question 1

Where are the superior poles of the kidneys?

Answer 1

L is T11

R is T12

Question 2

What is L1?

Answer 2

The transpyloric plane

Question 3

Where is the hilum?

Answer 3

T1

Question 4

Where are the inferior poles of the kidneys?

Answer 4

T3

Question 5

Where is the iliac crest?

Answer 5

L4

Question 6

Where does urine travel in the kidneys?

Answer 6

• Filtered along course of nephron until excreted in urine
• Nephron in collecting ducts channels to pyramids
• Urine released and taken to ureter - ends in renal pelvis (sits in renal hilum)
• Renal pelvis branches into major calcyce which branches into 3 or 4 minor calcyce (bottom of renal pyramids)

Question 7

Function of perirenal fat

Answer 7

Lymphatics

Question 8

Function of renal fascia

Answer 8

Main support, wraps around both kidneys

Question 9

Function of paralegal fat

Answer 9

Thick, fatty layer for shock absorption and protection

Question 10

What is a retroperitoneal organ?

Answer 10

Always behind peritoneum

Question 11

What is below L1?

Answer 11

Bowel

Question 12

What are the three muscles protecting the kidney? Medial to lateral

Answer 12

Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
Transversus abdominis

Question 13

Innervation of kidney s

Answer 13

Intercostal nerve of 12th rib
Ilioinguinal
Iliohypogastric

Question 14

Positioning of IVC and aorta

Answer 14

IVC on RHS, aorta on LHS

Question 15

Renal artery, ureter and renal vein anterior to posterior

Answer 15

renal vein
renal artery
Ureter

Question 16

Why is the left renal vein longer?

Answer 16

It is most anterior

Question 17

Where does the SMA emerge?

Answer 17

t12

Question 18

What is renal entrapment syndrome?

Answer 18

SMA constricts left renal vein between itself and aorta

Question 19

Where does left gonadal vein drain?

Answer 19

L renal vein

Question 20

Where does right gonadal vein drain?

Answer 20

IVC

Question 21

Branches of renal arteries

Answer 21

Renal - segmental - interlobular - cortical

Question 22

Lymph drainage of kidneys

Answer 22

Lateral aortic lymph nodes

Question 23

What is found in the transpyloric plane?

Answer 23

9th costal cartilage 
Cauda Equina
Duodenum
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Hilum

Question 24

Course of ureter

Answer 24

Starts at hilum
Ureter-pelvic junction 
Along lumbar vertebrae 
Greater pelvis
lesser pelvis
Crosses at top of iliac artery 
Ischial spine
Bladder

Question 25

Where does the ureter narrow?

Answer 25

Ureter-pelvic junction
Sacra-iliac joint
ureter enters bladder in oblique fashion

Question 26

How do male and female ureters differ?

Answer 26

• In females, uterus supplies by uterine artery. Uterine artery in broad ligament which supports uterus. Uterine artery above ureter
• In M, ureter runs under ductus deferens (down posterior bladder)

Question 27

Nerve supply of kidney

Answer 27

• Ureter has somatic nerve supply - pain from ureter to spinal cord
• Pain signal interpreted from T12/L1 - travels from flank to groin

Question 28

Lymph drainage of ureter

Answer 28

Proximal is lateral aortic lumbar nodes

Iliac arteries is middle and distal

Question 29

Kidneys - clinical

Answer 29

• Kidneys move with respiration but spleen moves more
• Kidneys aren’t dull to percussion because of overlying colon
• Kidneys are felt bimanually
• Abdominal bruits cause noise as blood flows through - clogged renal arteries

Question 30

Blood supply of ureter

Answer 30

vesical arteries

Uterine artery in females

Question 31

Venous drainage of ureter

Answer 31

renal and gonadal vein