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Medical Terminology > Urinary System Vocabulary > Flashcards

Urinary System Vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Adventitial

A

The outermost layer of organs, blood vessels, and other structures in the body

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2
Q

Albuminuria

A

Albumin in the urine

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3
Q

Anuria

A

The absence of the urine production

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4
Q

Autonomic

A

Involuntary or unconscious

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5
Q

Azotemia

A

Urea in the blood

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6
Q

Cystectomy

A

Excision of all or part of the bladder to remove a cyst

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7
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the lining of the bladder

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8
Q

Cystocele

A

A condition in which weakened pelvic muscles cause the bladder to drop from its normal position

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9
Q

Cystography

A

Radiographic imaging of the bladder

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10
Q

Cystoscope

A

A thin, tube-like instrument used to look inside the bladder and urethra

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11
Q

Cystostomy

A

Creation of an artificial opening into the bladder

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12
Q

Cystotomy

A

Incision into the bladder

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13
Q

Deamination

A

The removal of amino group from a molecule

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14
Q

Detrusor

A

A muscle which forms a layer of the wall of the bladder

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15
Q

Diuresis

A

Excess production of urine

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16
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful urination

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17
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary urinatino

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18
Q

Excretion

A

To get rid of waste material from the blood, tissues, or organs by a normal discharge (such as sweat, urine, or stool.)

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19
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

A condition in which the tissues of the kidney become inflamed and have problems filtering waste from the blood.

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20
Q

Glycosuria

A

Presence of glucose in the urine

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21
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

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22
Q

Homeostasis

A

The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things

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23
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Abnormal enlargement of a kidney, which may be caused by blockage of the ureter (such as by a kidney stone) or chronic kidney disease that prevents urine from draining into the bladder.

24
Q

Hydrostatic

A

Relating to the equilibrium of liquids and the pressure exerted by liquid at rest

25
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A region of the forerbrain below thalamus; has function in both the autonomic and endocrine systems and regulates homeostasis

26
Q

Incontinence

A

Loss of ability to control micturition (urination)

27
Q

Lethargy

A

A condition marked by drowsiness and an unusual lack of energy and mental alertness

28
Q

Micturition

A

Also called urination or voiding

29
Q

Lithotripsy

A

The destruction of a calculus (stone) of the kidney, ureter, bladder, or gallbladder by physical forces

30
Q

Mitochondira

A

A membranous, bean-shaped organelle that is the “energy transformer” of the cell

31
Q

Nephrectomy

A

Excision of all or part of the kidney

32
Q

Nephritis

A

A condition in which the tissues in the kidney became inflamed and have problems filtering waste from the blood

33
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Formation of stone(s) in the kidney

34
Q

Nephrolithotomy

A

Incision into the kidney to remove stone(s)

35
Q

Nephrologist

A

A doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating kidney disease

36
Q

Nephrology

A

A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the kidneys

37
Q

Nephrostomy

A

Surgery to make an opening from the outside of the body to the renal pelvis

38
Q

Nocturia

A

Frequent urination at night that interrupts sleep

39
Q

Oliguria

A

Below normal urine production of 400-500 mL/day

40
Q

Osmosis

A

A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one

41
Q

pH

A

A measure of how acidic or alkaline a substance is, as determined by the number of free hydrogen ions in the substance

42
Q

Polyuria

A

Excessive urine production

43
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Signaling molecules derived from unsaturated fatty acids with hormone-like effects

44
Q

Pseudostratified

A

Tissue layer of irregularly shaped cells that give the appearance of more than one layer

45
Q

Pyelitis

A

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney calices

46
Q

Pyuria

A

The presence of white blood cells in the urine

47
Q

Solutes

A

The minor component in a solution

48
Q

Stricture

A

Abnormal narrowing

49
Q

Ureterocele

A

A cystic dilation of the end of a ureter

50
Q

Ureteroliathiasis

A

Formation of stone(s) in the ureter

51
Q

Ureteroscopy

A

Examination of the inside of the kidney and ureter, using a ureteroscope

52
Q

Ureterostomy

A

Creation of an artificial opening into the ureter

53
Q

Urinal

A

Receptacle used for the collection of urine

54
Q

Urinary

A

Pertaining to urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine

55
Q

Urologist

A

A doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating diseases of the urinary organs in females and the urinary and reproductive organs in males

56
Q

Urology

A

A surgical specialty concerned with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the urinary tract in both sexes, and in the genital tract in the male

57
Q

Voiding

A

Also known as urination or micturition

Medical Terminology (22 decks)

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