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Medical Terminology > Cardiovascular System; Blood and Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System; Blood and Lymphatic System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ablation

A

The removal or destruction of a body part or tissue or its function. Ablation may be performed by surgery, hormones, drugs, radiofrequency, heat, or other methods.

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2
Q

Aneurysm

A

Weakening of the wall of a blood vessel, causing it to thin and balloon out, and possibly eventually burst, resulting in internal bleeding.

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3
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain. It may be a symptom of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction

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4
Q

Angiogram

A

An x-ray or computer image (CT scan or MRI) of the blood vessels and blood flow in the body. A dye may be injected through a catheter (small tube) into an artery or vein to make the blood vessels easier to see.

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5
Q

Antihypertensives

A

A class of medications used to treat high blood pressure

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6
Q

Arrhythmia

A

A deviation from the normal pattern of impulse conduction and contraction of the heart

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7
Q

Asymptomatic

A

Having no signs or symptoms or disease

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8
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A hardening of the arteries that involves the accumulation of plaque

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9
Q

Ausculation

A

Listening to the heart using a stethoscope

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10
Q

Atrioventricular (AV)

A

The area of the heart where the atria and ventricles meet

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11
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

A

Mitral (bicuspid) valve that allows blood to flow from right atrium to right ventricle

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12
Q

Bradycardia

A

A condition in which the heart beats slower than 50 beats per minute

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13
Q

Cardiac

A

Having to do with the heart

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14
Q

Cardiac troponin

A

The regulatory protein for muscle contraction

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15
Q

Cardiogenic

A

Originating from the heart

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16
Q

Cardiologist

A

A physician who studies and treats diseases of the heart

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17
Q

Cardiology

A

The study of the heart

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18
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlarged heart

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19
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle

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20
Q

Compliance

A

The ability of the blood vessels to dilate and constrict as needed.

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21
Q

Computerized tomography (CT)

A

A noninvasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays in order to reveal minute details about structures in the body

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22
Q

Congenital

A

Present at birth

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23
Q

Creatine kinase MB

A

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of creatine to phosphocreatine, consuming ATP.

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24
Q

Cyanosis

A

A condition in which the oxygen supply is restricited, causing the skin to look blue

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25
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

A disease in which the body does not control the amount of glucose (a type of sugar) in the blood and the kidneys make a large amount of urine. This disease occurs when the body does not make enough insulin or does not use it the way it should

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26
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Sweating

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27
Q

Diastole

A

Period of time when the heart muscle is relaxed and the chambers fill with bood

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28
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

A temporary connection between pulmonary trunk and aorta in the fetal heart

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29
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

30
Q

Echocardiogram

A

A computer picture of the heart created by bouncing high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) off internal tissues or organs of the chest

31
Q

Echocardiography

A

A procedure that uses high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) to look at tissues and organs inside the chest

32
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)

A

The record of the heart’s function produced by the electrocardiograph

33
Q

Electrocardiograph

A

The instrument that generates an electrocardiogram (ECG); 10 electrodes are placed in standard locations on the patient’s skin to record heart function

34
Q

Electrocardiography

A

The science of recording the electrical activity of the heart

35
Q

Endocarditis

A

A condition in which the tissues lining the inside of the heart and the heart valves become inflamed

36
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

An opening between right and left atria, which is normal in the fetal heart

37
Q

Great vessels

A

Include the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, aorta and pulmonary trunk

38
Q

Heart murmur

A

An abnormal heart sound

39
Q

Heart rate

A

The number of times the heart beats within a certain time period, usually a minute

40
Q

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

A

Often referred to as “good” cholesterol

41
Q

Hypercholestrolemia

A

Higher than normal levels of cholesterol in the blood

42
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Excessive fat in the blood

43
Q

Hypertension

A

Abnormally high blood pressure

44
Q

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD)

A

A small device placed by surgery in the chest or abdomen that is used to correct a heartbeat that is abnormal. Wires are passed through a vein to connect the device to the heart. When it detects abnormal heartbeats, it sends an electrical shock to the heart to restore the heartbeat to normal.

45
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

One of the two largest veins in the body. It carries oxygenated blood from the torso and legs back to the heart.

46
Q

Interatrial septum

A

The wall separating the right and left atria

47
Q

Interventricular septum

A

The wall of myocardium that separates the right and left ventricles

48
Q

Ischemia

A

Lack of blood flow to body tissues

49
Q

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

A

Often referred to as ‘bad’ cholesterol

50
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

A procedure in which radio waves and powerful magnet linked to a computer are used to create detailed pictures of areas inside the body

51
Q

Mitral valve

A

Located at the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle; also known as the bicuspid valve

52
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

A rare condition in which the heart muscle becomes thick and inflamed and may also become weak

53
Q

Occlusion

A

a blockage

54
Q

Pacemaker

A

An electronic device that is implanted in the body to monitor heart rate and rhythm. It gives the heart electrical stimulation when it does not beat normally

55
Q

Palpitations

A

A rapid or irregular heartbeat that a person can feel

56
Q

Pericardial fluid

A

Watery fluid produced in the serous and visceral pericardium surrounding the surface of the heart

57
Q

Pericarditits

A

Inflammation of the (sac) surrounding the heart

58
Q

Pericardiocentesis

A

Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the (sac) surrounding the heart

59
Q

Plaque

A

A fatty material including cholesterol, connective tissue, white blood cells, and some smooth muscle cells

60
Q

Polycythemia

A

A rare disorder in which the bone marrow produces and abnormally large amount of blood cells

61
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

The very large artery referred to as a trunk, a term indicating that the vessel gives rise to several smaller arteries

62
Q

Roots of the great vessels

A

The part of each great vessel (aorta, pulmonary trunk, inferior vena cava, superior vena cava) that connects to the base of the heart.

63
Q

Serous Membrane

A

One of the thin membranes that cover the walls and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic activities

64
Q

Sinus rhythm

A

The normal electrical pattern followed by a contraction of the heart

65
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

A blood pressure cuff attached to a measuring device

66
Q

Stethoscope

A

An instrument used to hear sounds produced by the heart, lungs, or other parts of the body

67
Q

Superior vena cava

A

One of two large veins in the body, which carries deoxygenated blood from the heart and upper extremities back to the heart

68
Q

Syncope

A

Fainting

69
Q

Systole

A

Period of time when the heart is contracting

70
Q

Tachycardia

A

A condition in which the resting rate is about 100bpm

71
Q

Vavuloplasty

A

The widening of a stenosed heart valve using a balloon catheter

Medical Terminology (22 decks)

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