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Medical Terminology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abdominal

A

Pertaining to the abdomen

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2
Q

Abdominoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the abdomen

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3
Q

Ampulla

A

A sac-like enlargement of a canal or duct

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4
Q

Anal

A

Pertaining to the anus

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5
Q

Appendectomy

A

Excision of the appendix

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6
Q

Appendicitis

A

Acute inflammation of the appendix

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7
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen that may cause swelling

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8
Q

Bicarbonate

A

A by-product of the body’s metabolism

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9
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are found in plant-based foods and dairy products and are an important fuel source

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10
Q

Celiac

A

Pertaining to the abdomen

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11
Q

Cholangioma

A

Tumor of the bile duct

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12
Q

Cholangiography

A

Radiographic imaging of the bile duct

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13
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Excision of the gallbladder

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14
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

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15
Q

Choledocholithiasis

A

Condition of gallstones in the common bile duct

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16
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Condition of gallstones

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17
Q

Cirrhosis

A

A type of chronic, progressive liver disease in which liver cells are replaced by scar tissue

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18
Q

Colectomy

A

Excision of the colon

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19
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation of the colon

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20
Q

Colonoscope

A

A thin, tube-like instrument used to examine the inside of the colon

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21
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Examination of the inside of the colon using a colonoscope, inserted into the rectum

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22
Q

Colorectal

A

Pertaining to the colon or rectum

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23
Q

Colostomy

A

An opening into the colon from the outside of the body

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24
Q

CT Colonography

A

A method to examine the inside of the colon by taking a series of x-rays

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25
Q

Distal

A

A position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

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26
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of one or more pouches or sacs that budge out from the wall of a hollow organ, such as the colon

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27
Q

Dysentery

A

Acute inflammation of the intestine presenting with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea

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28
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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29
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Upset stomach

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30
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting

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31
Q

Emulsification

A

The process of breaking down the fat into smaller blood cells, which makes it easy for enzymes to function and digest food

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32
Q

Endoscope

A

A thin, tube-like instrument used to look at tissue inside the body

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33
Q

Endoscopy

A

A procedure that uses and endoscope to examine the inside of the body

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34
Q

Esophageal

A

Pertaining to the esophagus

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35
Q

Esophagitis

A

Inflammation of the esophagus

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36
Q

Esophagoscopy

A

Examination of the esophagus using and esophagoscope

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37
Q

Exocrine gland

A

A gland whose secretions leave through a duct that opens directly, or indirectly, to the external environment

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38
Q

Feces

A

Semisolid waste product of digestion

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39
Q

Flatus

A

Gas in the intestine

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40
Q

Fundus

A

The part of a hollow organ that is across from, or farthest away from, the organ’s opening

41
Q

Gastroectomy

A

Stomach removal

42
Q

Gastric

A

Pertaining to the stomach

43
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach

44
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach and the intestines

45
Q

Gastroenterologist

A

A doctor who has secial training in diagnosing and treating disorders of the digestive system

46
Q

Gastroenterology

A

A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of the physiology and diseases of the digestive system and related structures

47
Q

Gastrojejunostomy

A

A surgical procedure that connects parts of the stomach to the jejunum

48
Q

Gastroplasty

A

Surgical repair of the stomach

49
Q

Gastroscope

A

A thin, tube-like instrument used to examine the inside of the stomach

50
Q

Gastroscopy

A

Examination of the inside of the stomach using a gastroscope passed through the mouth and esophagus

51
Q

Gastrostomy

A

Creation of an artificial opening in the stomach

52
Q

Gingivetomy

A

Excision of the gums

53
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums

54
Q

Glossitis

A

Inflammation of the tongue

55
Q

Hemorrhoid

A

An enlarged or swollen blood vessel, usually located near the anus or the rectum

56
Q

Hepatitis

A

Disease of the liver causing inflammation

57
Q

Hepatoma

A

Tumor of the liver

58
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Enlarged liver

59
Q

Herniorrhaphy

A

Suturing of a hernia

60
Q

Ilestomy

A

A procedure in which the ileum is brought through the abdominal wall

61
Q

Labia

A

Lips of the mouth

62
Q

Lacteals

A

The lymphatic vessels of the small intestine which absorb digestive fats

63
Q

Laparoscope

A

A thin, tube-like instrument used to look at tissues and organs inside the abdomen

64
Q

Laparoscopy

A

A procedure that uses a laparoscope, inserted through the abdominal wall, to examine the abdomen

65
Q

Laparotomy

A

A surgical incision made in the wall of the abdomen

66
Q

Lingual tonsil

A

Lymphoid tissue located at the base of the tongue

67
Q

Lymphoid

A

Referring to lymphocytes or tissue in which lymphocytes develop

68
Q

Melena

A

Black, terry feces containing blood

69
Q

Nasal cavity

A

The inside of the nose

70
Q

Nasogastric

A

Describes the passage from the nose to the stomach

71
Q

Nausea

A

A feeling of sickness or discomfort in the stomach that may come with an urge to vomit

72
Q

Obesity

A

A common, chronic disease marked by an abnormally high, unhealthy amount of body fat

73
Q

Omentum

A

A fold of the peritoneum (the thin tissue that lines the abdomen) that surrounds the stomach and other organs in the abdomen

74
Q

Oral

A

By or pertaining to the mouth

75
Q

Palatine tonsils

A

A pair of soft tissue masses located at the rear of the throat (pharynx)

76
Q

Palpation

A

Examination by pressing on the surface of the body to feel the organs or tissues underneath

77
Q

Pancreatic

A

Pertaining to the pancreas

78
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

79
Q

Peritoneal

A

Having to do with the parietal peritoneum (the tissue that lines the abdominal wall and pelvic cavity) and visceral peritoneum (the tissue that covers most of the organs in the abdomen, including the intestines)

80
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

81
Q

Polyp

A

A growth that protrudes from a mucous membrate

82
Q

Polpetctomy

A

Excision of a polyps

83
Q

Polyposis

A

The development of numerous polyps

84
Q

Proctoscope

A

A thin, tube-like instrument used to look inside the anus and rectum

85
Q

Proctoscopy

A

A procedure that uses a proctoscope to look inside the anus and rectum

86
Q

Proctoscopy

A

A procedure that uses a proctoscope to look inside the anus and rectum

87
Q

Proximal

A

A position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

88
Q

Pyloricsphyincter

A

A band of smooth muscle at the junction between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum of the small intestine

89
Q

Pyloromyotomy

A

Incision into the pyloric muscle (used to correct pyloric stenosis)

90
Q

Rectal

A

By or pertaining to the rectum

91
Q

Rectocele

A

Herniation of the rectum into the vagina

92
Q

Reflux

A

The backward flow of liquid from the stomach to the esophagus

93
Q

Sialolith

A

Stone in the salivary gland

94
Q

Sigmoidoscopy

A

Examination of the lower colon using a sigmoidoscope, inserted into the rectum

95
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Condition characterized by chronic fatty diarrhea

96
Q

Stoma

A

A surgically-created opening from an area inside the body to the outside of the body

97
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation or irritation of the mucous membranes in the mouth

98
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Cells arranged in layers upon a basal membrane

Medical Terminology (22 decks)

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