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Medical Terminology > Skeletal System Terms > Flashcards

Skeletal System Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abduction

A

Moving the limb or hand laterally away from the body, or spreading of the fingers or toes

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2
Q

Adduction

A

Movement that brings the limb or hand toward or across the midline of the body, or brings the fingers or toes together

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3
Q

Amphiathrosis

A

A slightly mobile joint

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4
Q

Ankylosis

A

Fixation and immobility of a joint

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5
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

All bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the girdle bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton

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6
Q

Arthralgia

A

Joint pain

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7
Q

Arthritis

A

Chronic inflammation of the synovial joints

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8
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from a joint

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9
Q

Arthrodesis

A

Surgical fixation of a joint

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10
Q

Arthrography

A

Process of recording a joint

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11
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Process of viewing a joint using an endoscope

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12
Q

Articulations

A

Where two bone surfaces meet

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13
Q

Autoimmune diseases/disorders

A

Disorders in which the immune system overreacts and begins to attack itself

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14
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

The central, vertical axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

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15
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Condition of slow movement

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16
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa near a joint

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17
Q

Chondromalacia

A

Degeneration of cartilage

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18
Q

Chronic

A

A condition in which a piece of the skull is removed

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19
Q

Diathorosis

A

Freely mobile joints

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20
Q

Diskectomy

A

Excision of the intervertebral disk

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21
Q

Dicitis

A

Inflammation of the intervertebral disk

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22
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Abnormal involuntary movements of the extremities, trunk, or jaw

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23
Q

Edema

A

Swelling due to excessive liquid in the tissues

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24
Q

Eversion

A

Foot movement in which the bottom of the foot is turned laterally, away from the midline

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25
Q

Extension

A

Movement in the sagittal place that increases the angle of a joint (straightens the joint)

26
Q

Flexion

A

Movement in the sagittal place that decreases the angle of a joint (bends the joint)

27
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

The production of blood cells

28
Q

Hyperkinesia

A

Excessive movement of the muscles of the body as a whole

29
Q

Hypertrophy

A

The enlargement of muscles

30
Q

Inversion

A

Foot movement in which the bottom of the foot is turned toward the midline

31
Q

Kyphosis

A

An excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region; also called humpback

32
Q

Lordosis

A

Excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar vertebral column region; also called swayback

33
Q

Lumbar

A

Pertaining to the lumbar region of the spine (L1 to L5)

34
Q

Lumbosacral

A

Pertaining to the region of the back that includes the lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and nearby structures

35
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

A general term for the group of inherited myopathies that are characterized by wasting and weakness of the skeletal muscle

36
Q

Osteitis

A

Inflammation of the bone

37
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

The most common type of arthritis; associated with aging and “wear and tear” of the articular cartilage

38
Q

Osteoblast

A

The cell responsible for forming new bone

39
Q

Osteochondritis

A

Inflammation of the bone and cartilage

40
Q

Osteocyte

A

Bone cell

41
Q

Osteomalacia

A

A softening of adult bones due to Vitamin D deficiency

42
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow

43
Q

Osteonecrosis

A

Abnormal condition of bone death (lack of blood supply)

44
Q

Osteopenia

A

Abnormally low bone mass or bone mineral density

45
Q

Osteopetrosis

A

Abnormal condition of porous bones

46
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass that occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation

47
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of bone

48
Q

Pelvic

A

Pertaining to the pelvis

49
Q

Pronation

A

Forearm motion the moves the palm of the hand from the palm forward to the palm backward position

50
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of a bone around a central axis or around its long axis

51
Q

Sarcopenia

A

Age-related muscle atrophy

52
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

53
Q

Spondyloarthritis

A

Inflammation of the joins of the spine

54
Q

Spondylosis

A

A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the vertebra, intervertebral disk, and surround soft tissue

55
Q

Supination

A

Forearm motion the moves the palm of the hand from the palm backward to the palm forward position

56
Q

Synarthrosis

A

An immobile or nearly immobile joint

57
Q

Synovectomy

A

Excision of the synovial membrane

58
Q

Synovial sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of the synovial membrane

59
Q

Tendinitis

A

Inflammation of the tendon

60
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of the synovial membrane of a tendon

61
Q

Vertebroplasty

A

A procedure used to repair a bone in the spine that has a break caused by cancer, osteoporosis, or trauma

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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