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Medical Terminology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Adenoidectomy

A

Excision of the adenoids

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2
Q

Alveolar duct

A

Small tube that leads from the terminal bronchiole to the respiratory bronchiole and is the point of attachment for alveoli

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3
Q

Alveolitis

A

Inflammation of the alveoli

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4
Q

Aphonia

A

Condition of the absence of one’s voice

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5
Q

Apnea

A

A temporary absence of respiration

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6
Q

Asphyxia

A

Condition caused by lack of oxygen that leads to impending or actual death

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7
Q

Aspirate

A

To withdraw fluid, tissue, or other substances from a body cavity, cyst, or tumor

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8
Q

Atelectasis

A

Failure of the lung to expand (inflate) completely

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9
Q

Autonomic

A

Involuntary or unconscious

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10
Q

Benign

A

Non-cancerous

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11
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Dilation of the bronchi

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12
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchus

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13
Q

Bronchodilators

A

A type of drug that causes small airways in the lungs to open up

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14
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Cancer that begins in the tissue that lines or covers the airways of the lungs, including small cell and non-small cell lung cancer

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15
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lung, particularly the bronchioles and alveoli, that is associated with bronchitis

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16
Q

Bronchoscope

A

A thin, tube-like instrument used to examine the inside of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs

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17
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

A procedure involving a bronchoscope to examine the inside of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs

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18
Q

Bronchospasm

A

Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi

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19
Q

Carcinogen

A

Any substance that causes cancer

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20
Q

Cardiac notch

A

An indentation on the surface of the left lung

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21
Q

Carina

A

A ridge at the base of the trachea (windpipe) that separates the openings of the right and left main bronchi (the large air passages that lead from the trachea to the lungs)

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22
Q

Chronic

A

A condition that lasts a long time with periods of remission and exacerbation

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23
Q

Computerized tomography (CT)

A

A noninvasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays in order to reveal minute details about structures in the body

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24
Q

Conducting zone

A

The major functions of the conducting zone are to provide a route for incoming and outgoing air, remove debris and pathogens from the incoming air, and warm and humidify the incoming air

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25
Q

Cyanotic

A

Pertaining to the abnormal color of blue (bluish color, lips and nail beds) causes by deoxygenation

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26
Q

Defensins

A

The lysozyme enzyme and proteins which have antibacterial properties are

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27
Q

Diaphragm

A

A sheet of skeletal muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities that has to contract and relax for you to breathe

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28
Q

Dysphonia

A

Condition of difficult speaking, including hoarseness and change in pitch or quality of voice

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29
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

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30
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis

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31
Q

Endoscope

A

A thin, tube-like instrument use to look at tissues inside the body

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32
Q

Endoscopy

A

A procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the inside of the body

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33
Q

Epiglottis

A

Leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage that is a portion of the larynx that swings to close the trachea during swallowing

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34
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

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35
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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36
Q

Eupnea

A

A mode of breathing that occurs at rest and does not require the cognitive thought of the individual; also knowing as quiet breathing

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37
Q

Expiration

A

Exhalation, or the process of causing air to leave the lungs

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38
Q

External nose

A

The surface and skeletal structures that result in the outward appearance of the nose to contribute to its numerous functions

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39
Q

Fauces

A

The opening of the oral cavity into the pharynx

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40
Q

Fibroelastic membrane

A

A flexible membrane that closes the posterior surface of the trachea, connecting the C-shaped cartilages

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41
Q

Glottis

A

Composed of the vestibular folds, the true vocal cords, and the space between these folds

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42
Q

Hard palate

A

Located at the anterior region of the nasal cavity and it is composed of bone

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43
Q

Hemothorax

A

Hemorrhage within the pleural cavity

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44
Q

Hematologist

A

A doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating blood disorders

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45
Q

Hematology

A

The study of blood and blood-forming issues

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46
Q

Hilum of the lung

A

A concave region where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves also enter the lungs

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47
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Abnormally elevated blood levels of CO2 (carbon dioxide)

48
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Forced breathing or breathing that is excessive

49
Q

Hypocapnia

A

Abnormally low blood levels of CO2 (carbon dioxide)

50
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Below-normal level of oxygen saturation of blood (typically <95 percent)

51
Q

Hypoxia

A

Lack of oxygen supply to the tissues

52
Q

Inferior

A

A position below or lower than another part of the body proper

53
Q

Influenza (flu)

A

An acute viral infection involving the respiratory tract

54
Q

Inspiration

A

Inhalation, or process of breathing air into the lungs

55
Q

Laryngeal

A

Pertaining to the larynx

56
Q

Largngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx

57
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

One of the three regions of the pharynx; inferior to the oropharynx and posterior to the larynx

58
Q

Laryngoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the larynx

59
Q

Laryngoscope

A

A thin, tube-like instrument used to examine the larynx

60
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

Examination of the larynx with a mirror or laryngoscope

61
Q

Larynx

A

A cartilaginous structure inferior to the laryngopharynx that connects the pharynx to the trachea and helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs; also known as the voice box

62
Q

Lobectomy

A

Excision of the lobe(s) of an organ

63
Q

Lymphocytes

A

The second most common type of leukocyte and are essential for the immune response

64
Q

Malignant

A

Cancerous

65
Q

Mucus

A

A thick, slippery fluid made by the membranes that line certain organs of the body

66
Q

Nasopharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the nose and pharynx

67
Q

Nasopharynx

A

The upper part of the throat behind the nose. An opening on each side of the nasopharynx leads into the ear

68
Q

Nebulizer

A

A device used to turn liquid into a fine spray

69
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A

Infection acquired in hopital

70
Q

Oropharynx

A

A passageway for both air and food; borders the nasopharynx and the oral cavity

71
Q

Oximeter

A

Instrument used to measure the oxygenation of tissues

72
Q

Pharyngeal tonsil

A

The tonsil located at the back of the throat; also known as the adenoid when swollen

73
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx

74
Q

Pharynx

A

A tube formed by skeletal muscle and lined by mucous membrane that is continuous with that of the nasal cavities; also known as the throat

75
Q

Pleural effusion

A

An abnormal collection of fluid between the thin layers of tissue (pleura) lining the lung and the wall of the chest cavity

76
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura

77
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

A condition caused by the inhalation of dust

78
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

Excision of the lungs

79
Q

Pneumonia

A

A severe inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli (tiny air sacs) are filled with fluid

80
Q

Pneumothorax

A

An abnormal collection of air in the space between the thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and the chest cavity that can cause all or part of the lung to collapse

81
Q

Polysomnography (PSG)

A

Simultaneous and continuous monitoring of several parameters during sleep to study normal and abnormal sleep

82
Q

Posterior

A

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body

83
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Artery that arises from the pulmonary trunk

84
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Fluid accumulation in alveoli and bronchioles (related to heart failure)

85
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

A blood clot within the lung

86
Q

Radiologist

A

A doctor who has special training in creating and interpreting pictures of areas inside the body

87
Q

Radiography

A

A procedure that uses x-rays to take pictures of areas inside the body

88
Q

Radiology

A

The use of radiation or other imaging technologies to diagnose or treat disease

89
Q

Respiratory zone

A

The respiratory zone includes structures that are directly involved in gas exchange

90
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose

91
Q

Rhinoplasty

A

A plastic surgical operation on the nose, either reconstructive, restorative, or cosmetic

92
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Excess nasal drainage; also called a runny nose

93
Q

Septal cartilage

A

The flexible hyaline cartilage connected to the nasal bone

94
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of the sinuses

95
Q

Soft palate

A

Located at the posterior portion of the nasal cavity and consists of muscle tissue

96
Q

Sonogram

A

A computer picture of areas inside the body created by high-energy sound waves

97
Q

Spirometry

A

The measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled by the lung

98
Q

Sputum

A

Mucus and other matter brought up from the lungs by coughing

99
Q

Stethoscope

A

An instrument is used to hear sounds produced by the heart, lungs, or other parts of the body

100
Q

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

A

The division of the nervous system involved in our fight-or-flight responses. It continuously monitors body temperature and initiates appropriate motor responses

101
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid breathing

102
Q

Thoracalgia

A

Pain in the chest

103
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Removal of fluid from the pleural cavity through a needle inserted between the ribs

104
Q

Thoracic

A

Pertaining to the chest

105
Q

Thoracoscope

A

A thin, tube-like instrument used to examine the inside of the chest

106
Q

Thoracoscopy

A

Examination of the inside of the chest, using a thoracoscope

107
Q

Thoracotomy

A

An operation to open the chest

108
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

Excision of the tonsils

109
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Inflammation of the tonsils

110
Q

Tracheitis

A

Inflammation of the trachea

111
Q

Thracheostomy

A

Surgical incision of the trachea

112
Q

Trachea

A

The windpipe

113
Q

Upper respiratory infection

A

Infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx caused by a virus

114
Q

Uvula

A

A small bulbous, teardrop-shaped structure located at the apex of the soft palate

115
Q

Ventilator

A

A machine used to help a patient breathe

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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