urinary system-pathology-signs and symptoms Flashcards
Complete suppression of urine formed by the kidneys and a complete lack of urine excretion
Anuria
Accumulation of nitrogenous waste in bloodstream; occurs when the kidney fails to filter these wastes from the blood
Azotemia
Presence of bacteria in the urine
Bacteriuria
Stone formed within an organ by accumulation of mineral salts; found in kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra; plural is calculi
Calculus
Urinary bladder pain
Cystalgia
bladder stone
Cystolith
Abnormal bleeding from the urinary bladder
Cystorrhagia
Increase formation and excretion of urine
Diuresis
Difficult or painful urination
Dysuria
Involuntary discharge of urine after age by which bladder control should have been established; usually occurs by age five; nocturnal enuresis refer to bed-wetting at night
Enuresis
Presence of sugar in the urine
Glycosuria
Presence of blood in the urine
Hematuria
Decrease in force of urine stream, often with difficulty initiating flow; often a symptom of blockage along urethra, such as enlarged prostate gland
Hesitancy
Presence of ketones in urine; occurs when body buns fat instead of glucose for energy, such as in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
Ketonuria
Kidney stone
Nephrolith
Kidney is abnormally soft
Nephromalacia
Kidney is enlarged
Nephromegaly
Kidney tissue has become hardened
Nephrosclerosis
Having to urinate frequently during the night
Nocturia
Producing too little urine
Oliguria
Producing unusually large volume of urine
Polyuria
Presence of protein in urine
Proteinuria
Presence of pus in urine
Pyuria
Pain caused by kidney stone; can be excruciating pain and generally requires medical treatment
Renal Colic
Narrowing of passageway in the urinary system
Stricture
Accumulation of waste products (especially nitrogenous wastes) in bloodstream; associated with renal failure
Uremia
Ureters is stretched out or dilated
Ureterectasis
Stone in the ureter
Ureterolith
Ureters has become narrow
Ureterostenosis
Urethral Pain
Urethralgia
Abnormal bleeding from the urethra
Urethrorrhagia
Urethra has become narrow
Urethrostenosis
Involuntary release of urine; in some patients, indwelling catheter is inserted into the bladder for continuous urine drainage
Urinary Incontinence
Inability to fully empty the bladder; often indicates blockage in the urethra
Urinary retention
Damage to and potential death of the renal tubules due to presence of toxins in urine or to ischemia; results in oliguria
Acute tubular necrosis
(ATN)
Accumulation of damage to the glomerulus capillaries due to chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus
Diabetic Nephropathy
Accumulation of damage to the glomerulus capillaries due to chronic high blood sugars of diabetes meillitus
Diabetic Nephropathy
Inflammation of the kidney (Primarily the glomerulus)
Glomerulonephritis
Distention of the renal pelvis due to urine collecting in the kidney; often result of obstruction of a ureter
Hydronephrosis
Kidney inflammation
Nephritis
Presence of calculi in the kidney; usually begins with solidification of salts present in urine
Nephrolithiasis
Kidney tumor
Nephroma
General term describing presence of kidney disease
Nephropathy
Downward displacement of the kidney out of its normal location; commonly called a floating kidney
Nephroptosis
Damage to the glomerulus resulting in protein appearance in urine, proteinuria, and corresponding decrease in protein in bloodstream; also called nephrosis
Nephrotic Syndrome
Formation of multiple cysts (Pouches) within kidney tissue
Polycystic Kidneys
renal pelvis inflammation
Pyelitis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Pyelonephritis
Cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells
Renal Cell carcinoma
Inability of the kidneys to filter wastes from the blood, resulting in uremia; may be acute or chronic; major reason for patient being placed on dialysis
Renal failure
Malignant kidney tumor found most often in children; also called nephroblastoma
Wilm’s Tumor
Blockage of the bladder outlet; often caused by enlarged prostate gland in males
Bladder neck obstruction (BNO)
Urinary bladder inflammation
Cystitis
Protrusion (or herniation) of the urinary bladder into wall of the vagina
Cystocele
Disease of unknown cause in which there is inflammation and irritation of the bladder; most commonly seen in middle-aged women
Interstitial Cystitis
Loss of nervous control that leads to retention; may be caused by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis
Neurogenic Bladder
Infection usually from bacteria, of any organ of the urinary system
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
