cardio-pathology-blood vessels

Question 1

Weakness in wall of artery resulting in localized widening of artery; although aneurysm may develop in any artery, common sites include aorta in abdomen and cerebral arteries in brain

Answer 1

Aneurysm

Question 2

Ruptured artery; may occur if aneurysm ruptures arterial wall

Answer 2

Arteriorrhexis

Question 3

Thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of walls of arteries; most often due to atherosclerosis

Answer 3

Arteriosclerosis

Question 4

Deposit of fatty substance in wall of artery that bulges into and narrows lumen of artery; characteristic of atherosclerosis; also called a plaque

Answer 4

Atheroma

Question 5

Most common form of arteriosclerosis; caused by formation of yellowish plaques of cholesterol on inner walls of arteries

Answer 5

Atherosclerosis

Question 6

Sever congenital narrowing of aorta

Answer 6

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 7

Formation of blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the legs; embolus breaking off from this thrombosis would travel to lungs and block blood flow through lungs

Answer 7

Deep vein thrombosis

Question 8

Varicose veins in anal region

Answer 8

Hemorrhoid

Question 9

Blood pressure above normal range; essential or primary hypertension occurs directly from cardiovascular disease; secondary hypertension refers to high blood pressure resulting from another disease such as kidney disease

Answer 9

Hypertension

Question 10

Decrease in blood pressure (BP); can occur in shock, infection, cancer, anemia, or as death approaches

Answer 10

Hypotension

Question 11

Congenital heart anomaly in which fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth; condition may be treated with medication and resolve with time; however, in some cases, surgery is required

Answer 11

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 12

Any abnormal condition affecting blood vessels outside heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, numbness, and loss of circulation and pulse

Answer 12

Peripheral vascular disease

Question 13

Inflammation of the vein

Answer 13

Phlebitis

Question 14

Inflammation of several arteries

Answer 14

Polyarteritis

Question 15

Periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities of body, especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; affected extremities become cyanotic and very painful; attacks are brought on by arterial constriction due to extreme cold or emotional stress

Answer 15

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Question 16

Inflammation of vein resulting in formation of blood clots within vein

Answer 16

Thrombophlebitis

Question 17

Swollen and distended veins, usually in legs

Answer 17

Varicose veins