cardio-pathology-signs and symptoms

Question 1

Inflammation of a vessel

Answer 1

Angiitis

Question 2

Involuntary muscle contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessel; narrows vessel

Answer 2

Angiospasm

Question 3

Narrowing of a vessel

Answer 3

Angiostenosis

Question 4

Obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from thrombus somewhere else in body and traveled to point of obstruction; if it occurs in coronary artery, may result in myocardial infarction

Answer 4

Embolus

Question 5

Area of tissue within organ or part that undergoes necrosis (death) following loss of its blood supply

Answer 5

Infarct

Question 6

Localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to obstruction to circulation

Answer 6

Ischemia

Question 7

A sound, in addition to normal heart sounds, arising from blood flowing through heart; extra sound may or may not indicate a heart abnormality

Answer 7

Murmur

Question 8

Sudden drop in blood pressure a person experiences when standing straight up suddenly

Answer 8

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 9

Pounding, racing heartbeats

Answer 9

Palpitations

Question 10

Yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in artery that is hallmark of atherosclerosis; also called an atheroma

Answer 10

Plaque

Question 11

To flow backward; in cardiovascular system this refers to backflow of blood through a valve

Answer 11

Regurgitation

Question 12

Blood clot forming within blood vessel; may partially of completely occlude blood vessel

Answer 12

Thrombus

Question 13

Condition in which there is sever pain with sensation of constriction around the heart; caused by deficiency of oxygen to heart muscle; commonly called chest pain

Answer 13

Angina pectoris

Question 14

Complete stopping of heart activity

Answer 14

Cardiac arrest

Question 15

Pressure on heart as a result of fluid buildup around heart inside pericardiac sac; heart becomes unable to pump blood effectively

Answer 15

Cardiac tamponade

Question 16

Enlarged heart

Answer 16

Cardiomegaly

Question 17

General term for disease of myocardium; can be caused by alcohol abuse, parasites, viral infection, and congestive heart failure; one of most common reasons a patient may require heart transplant

Answer 17

Cardiomyopathy

Question 18

Hole, present at birth, in septum between two heart chambers; results in mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood; can be an atrial septal defect (ASD) and a ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Answer 18

Congenital septal defect

Question 19

Pathological condition of heart in which there is reduced outflow of blood from left side of heart because left ventricle myocardium has become too weak to efficiently pump blood; result in weakness, breathlessness, and edema

Answer 19

Congestive heart failure

Question 20

Insufficient blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of one or more coronary arteries; may be caused by atherosclerosis and may cause angina pectoris and myocardial infarction

Answer 20

Coronary artery disease

Question 21

Inflammation of lining membranes of heart; may be due to bacteria or to abnormal immunological response; n bacterial endocarditis, mass of bacteria that forms is refereed to as vegetation

Answer 21

Endocarditis

Question 22

Condition in which cusps or flaps of heart valve are too loose and fail to shut tightly, allowing blood to flow backward through valve when heart chamber contracts; most commonly occurs in mitral valve, but may affect any of heart valves; also called heart valve incompetence or heart valve insufficiency

Answer 22

Heart valve prolapse

Question 23

Condition in which cusps or flaps of heart valve are too stiff and are unable to open fully (making it difficult for blood to flow through) or shut tightly (allowing blood to flow backwards); condition may affect any of heart valves

Answer 23

Heart valve stenosis