Urinary system anatomy

Question 1

what makes up the urinary system

Answer 1

-2 kidneys
-2 ureters
-1 urinary bladder
-1 urethra

Question 2

a change in kidney species to species to species

Answer 2

doesn’t mean a change in function

Question 3

what is the primary role of the kidneys

Answer 3

conserve water

Question 4

what are the kidneys

Answer 4

functional organs of the urinary system

Question 5

where are the kidneys located

Answer 5

-typically located against dorsal body wall near thoracolumbar junction
-right kidney is cranial to left kidney about half-kidney length
-right kidney is usually nestled into renal fossa of caudate process of the caudate lobe of liver (except pigs)

Question 6

kidneys and peritoneal

Answer 6

-retroperitoneal
-meaning between parietal and body
-except left kidney of cats and ruminants (interparitineal)

Question 7

cortex of kidney

Answer 7

-outer layer of kidney
-glandular appearance due to presence of renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules

Question 8

medulla of kidney

Answer 8

-inner layer of kidney
-striated appearance due to presence of ascending and descending limbs of nephron loop, collecting ducts, and papillary ducts

Question 9

what is the parenchyma

Answer 9

cortex + medulla (part that does the work)

Question 10

nephron

Answer 10

-structural and functional unit of the kidney
-comprised of a renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Question 11

renal corpuscle

Answer 11

glomerulus + renal capsule

Question 12

renal tubule

Answer 12

proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule

Question 13

are collecting and papillary ducts apart of the nephron

Answer 13

no

Question 14

what is the kidney lobe comprised of

Answer 14

-medullary pyramid and its cortical cap
-delineated by interlobular vessels
-arcuate vessels located at corticomedullary junction

Question 15

medullary pyramid

Answer 15

-apex is called renal papilla
-drips urine into proximal uteter

-renal crest= resulting form complete fusion of pyramids

Question 16

cortical cap

Answer 16

complete fusion of cortical tissue results in smooth kidney

Question 17

medulla multipyramidal kidneys

Answer 17

pig and ox

Question 18

medulla unipyramidal kidneys

Answer 18

dog, cat, horse, goat, sheep

Question 19

cortex fission incomplete

Answer 19

ox

Question 20

cortex fusion smooth

Answer 20

pigs, dogs, cat, horse, goat, sheep

Question 21

what species have multilobular kidneys

Answer 21

all
unilobular mammalian kidneys dont exist

Question 22

what are ureters

Answer 22

duct between kidney and urinary bladder

Question 23

what side is the aorta on

Answer 23

left

Question 24

what side is the caudal vena cava on

Answer 24

right

Question 25

to save distance where does the left ovarian vein sometimes dump into

Answer 25

the renal artery and vein

Question 26

proximal uteter receives…

Answer 26

urine from papillary ducts

Question 27

there are different shapes of where the proximal ureter receives urine in different mammals… what are they

Answer 27

-a renal calyx receives urine from a renal papilla
-a renal pelvis recives urine form a renal crest
-except in pigs

Question 28

urinary passage epithelium

Answer 28

-ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
-simular histological organization

-tunica mucosa
-transitional epithelium with underlaying loose connective tissue

-tunical muscularis of smooth muscle
-inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal layers

-tunica adventitia/serosa

Question 29

ureters function

Answer 29

-carry urine form kidney to urinary bladder
-peristaltic contractions
-retrograde flow prevented due to oblique passage through urinary bladder wall

Question 30

where is the urinary bladder found

Answer 30

-common domestic carnivores: in pelvic and abdominal cavities whether empty or full
-common domestic ungulates: in the pelvic cavity when empty; pelvic abdominal cavity when full

Question 31

urinary bladder muscle

Answer 31

three-layered tunica muscularis is called the detrusor muscle

Question 32

sphincter in the urinary bladder

Answer 32

-its not a part of the smooth muscle bladder
-its striated and voluntary
-its a striated muscle called urethralis
-surrounds pelvic urethra in males
-forms a sling ventral to pelvic urethra in females

Question 33

how does the male vs female urethra open

Answer 33

-female urethra opens into genital tract on its ventral aspect which is where the vestibule is
-male urethra travels length of penis to open externally

Question 34

urinary bladder ligaments

Answer 34

-colon
-uterus
-bladder
-lateral vesical ligament
-median vesical ligament
-ureter
-broad ligament of uterus