Urinary system anatomy Flashcards
what makes up the urinary system
-2 kidneys
-2 ureters
-1 urinary bladder
-1 urethra
a change in kidney species to species to species
doesn’t mean a change in function
what is the primary role of the kidneys
conserve water
what are the kidneys
functional organs of the urinary system
where are the kidneys located
-typically located against dorsal body wall near thoracolumbar junction
-right kidney is cranial to left kidney about half-kidney length
-right kidney is usually nestled into renal fossa of caudate process of the caudate lobe of liver (except pigs)
kidneys and peritoneal
-retroperitoneal
-meaning between parietal and body
-except left kidney of cats and ruminants (interparitineal)
cortex of kidney
-outer layer of kidney
-glandular appearance due to presence of renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules
medulla of kidney
-inner layer of kidney
-striated appearance due to presence of ascending and descending limbs of nephron loop, collecting ducts, and papillary ducts
what is the parenchyma
cortex + medulla (part that does the work)
nephron
-structural and functional unit of the kidney
-comprised of a renal corpuscle and renal tubule
renal corpuscle
glomerulus + renal capsule
renal tubule
proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
are collecting and papillary ducts apart of the nephron
no
what is the kidney lobe comprised of
-medullary pyramid and its cortical cap
-delineated by interlobular vessels
-arcuate vessels located at corticomedullary junction
medullary pyramid
-apex is called renal papilla
-drips urine into proximal uteter
-renal crest= resulting form complete fusion of pyramids
cortical cap
complete fusion of cortical tissue results in smooth kidney
medulla multipyramidal kidneys
pig and ox
medulla unipyramidal kidneys
dog, cat, horse, goat, sheep
cortex fission incomplete
ox
cortex fusion smooth
pigs, dogs, cat, horse, goat, sheep
what species have multilobular kidneys
all
unilobular mammalian kidneys dont exist
what are ureters
duct between kidney and urinary bladder
what side is the aorta on
left
what side is the caudal vena cava on
right
to save distance where does the left ovarian vein sometimes dump into
the renal artery and vein
proximal uteter receives…
urine from papillary ducts
there are different shapes of where the proximal ureter receives urine in different mammals… what are they
-a renal calyx receives urine from a renal papilla
-a renal pelvis recives urine form a renal crest
-except in pigs
urinary passage epithelium
-ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
-simular histological organization
-tunica mucosa
-transitional epithelium with underlaying loose connective tissue
-tunical muscularis of smooth muscle
-inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal layers
-tunica adventitia/serosa
ureters function
-carry urine form kidney to urinary bladder
-peristaltic contractions
-retrograde flow prevented due to oblique passage through urinary bladder wall
where is the urinary bladder found
-common domestic carnivores: in pelvic and abdominal cavities whether empty or full
-common domestic ungulates: in the pelvic cavity when empty; pelvic abdominal cavity when full
urinary bladder muscle
three-layered tunica muscularis is called the detrusor muscle
sphincter in the urinary bladder
-its not a part of the smooth muscle bladder
-its striated and voluntary
-its a striated muscle called urethralis
-surrounds pelvic urethra in males
-forms a sling ventral to pelvic urethra in females
how does the male vs female urethra open
-female urethra opens into genital tract on its ventral aspect which is where the vestibule is
-male urethra travels length of penis to open externally
urinary bladder ligaments
-colon
-uterus
-bladder
-lateral vesical ligament
-median vesical ligament
-ureter
-broad ligament of uterus
