Respiratory system Flashcards
major components of the air passageway system
-nasal cavities with associated paranasal sinuses
-nasopharynx
-larynx
-trachea
-bronchi
-smaller and smaller divisions of bronchial tree leading to alveoli
what does the paranasal sinus epithelium produce
nitric oxide which upon reaching the lungs, stimulates vasodilation and enhances pulmonary oxygen uptake
epithelia of the rostral third of the nasal cavity
lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
epithelia of caudal two-thirds of nasal cavity
nasopharynx, larynx trachea, and bronchi lined by respiratory epithelium
epithelia of respratory
-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
-except caudal dorsal part of nasal cavity and cranial part of larynx
-some surfaces of ethmoidal conchae dorsal nasal meatus, and nasal septum lined by olfactory epithelium
-olfactory epithelium=ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with neurosensory olfactory cells specialized for oder detection
epithelia of epiglottis, laryngeal vestibule, and vocal folds
-lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
epithelia of bronchioles
lined by simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium
epithelia of alveolar ducts, sacs, and alveoli
lined by simple squamous epithelium
pharynx
-musculomembranous crossway between nasal and oral cavities and larynx and esophagus
parts of the pharynx
-oropharynx
-intrapharyngeal
-laryngopharynx
larynx
-musculocartlaginous tube connecting pharynx and trachea
-5 cartilages: epiglottic, paired arytenoid, thyroid, and cricoid
-many muscles (both extrinsic and intrinsic)
-connected to skull by hyoid apparatus
-organ of voice (vestibular and vocal folds)
-prevents food and liquid form entering trachea
trachea
-semi-flexible, semi-collapsible tube commonly called windpipe
-extends form larynx to its bifurcation into right and left principal bronchi
-C-shaped cartilaginous rings linked by fibroelastic annular ligaments
-smooth trachealis muscle links open ends of tracheal cartlages
bronchi
-histological appearance similar to trachea
-cartilaginous plates arranged in rings
bronchioles and alveoli
-bronchioles
-less than 1mm in diameter
-no cartilage
-alveoli
-less then 0.5mm in diameter
-no cartilage
-the basic unit for gas exchange is alveolus
what comprises of most of the lung tissue
the parenchyma which is respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli comprises about 85% of lung tissue
acini and lobules
-(acini)?
-less than 1 mm in diameter
-no cartilage
-(lobules)?
-less them 0.5mm
-no cartilage
what is acinus
all of the air spaces distal to a singular terminal bronchiole
what is a lobule
a cluster of acini separated form other clusters by connective tissue septa
well-lobulated lungs
cattle, pigs
poorly lobulated lungs
goats, sheep, horses
no lung lobules
cats, dogs
visceral (pulmonary) pleura
-serous membrane that covers each lung
-mesothelium supported by dense irregular connective tissue
-simple squamous and cuboidal epithelium
-continuous with parietal pleura but separated from it by pleural cavity
parietal pleura
-serous membrane that lines walls of each pleural cavity
-mesothelium supported by loose connective tissue
-simple squamous and cuboidal epithelium
layers of pleura
-visceral and pariental
-enclose the fluid filled pleural cavity
-a pleural cavity surrounds each lung but the lung is not in the cavity
-only thing in each pleural cavity is a little bit of serous fluid
