Joints Flashcards
what are joints officially called
articulations
how do joints attach
some unite firmly others permit free movement
what are the three major categories of joints
-fibrous (bones united by dense connective tissue)
-cartilaginous (united by cartilage)
-synovial joints (bones separated by fluid-filled cavity)
fibrous joints
-bones united by dense connective tissue
-example: interosseous ligament, gomphosis (anchors tooth to bone), suture (skull bones, birth)
cartilaginous joints
-bones united by cartilage
-epiphyseal plate
-pelvic symphysis
-joint between adjacent vertebral bodies
synovial joints
-bones separated by a fluid-filled cavity
-examples: movable joints of the appendages
-numerical classification:
-simple: one pair of articular surfaces
-composite: more than two articular surfaces
plane joint
movement along the plane, no where else (spine)
hinge joint
-movement in one plane
-other movements prohibited by collateral ligaments (one on each side) and articular surface shape (like matching grooves and ridges)
pivot joint
supination and propitiation
condylar joint
-rotation, slide
-two knuckle-shaped condyles that articulate with corresponding concave surfaces
-primarily move in one plane
-rotation and lateral slide also possible
ellipsoidal
-wrist
-concave and convexed
saddle
concaved and convexed
toe
spheroidal
hip
rotation in the socket
stifle joint highlights: medial and lateral menisci
-meniscus= C-shaped fibrocartilaginous disk
-compensates for incongruities between femur and tibia
-acts as shock absorbers
stifle joint highlights: cranial cruciate ligament and caudal cruciate ligament
-prevents femur from sliding caudally down tibial plateau when appendage bears weigh
-prevents femur from sliding cranially when appendage bears weigh
-together they limit medial rotation of tibia during stifle joint flexion
