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Medical Terminology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Amino Acid

amin/o nitrogen containing

A

the basic building block for protein

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2
Q

Ammonia

ammon- ammonia

A

Toxic breakdown product of amino acids

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3
Q

Bladder

A

Hollow sac that holds fluid; for example urine or bile

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4
Q

Excretion

Excrete

A

Removal of waste products of metabolism out of the body

to pass out of the body the waste products of metabolism

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5
Q

Kidney

A

Organ of excretion

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6
Q

Nephrology

Nephrologist

nephr/o kidney

  • logy study of
  • logist one who studies, specialist
A

Medical specialty of diseases of the kidney

Medical specialist in diseases of the kidney

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7
Q

Nitrogenous

nitr/o- nitrogen

  • gen- create
  • ous pertaining to
A

Containing or generating nitrogen

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8
Q

Renal

ren- kidney
-al pertaining to

A

Pertaining to the kidney

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9
Q

Urea

A

end product of nitrogen metabolism expelled in urine

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10
Q

Ureter

Ureteral

ureter- ureter
-al pertaining to

A

Tube that connects the kidney to the urinary bladder

Pertaining to the ureter

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11
Q

Urethra

Urethral

urethr- urethra
-al pertaining to

A

Canal leading from the bladder to the outside of the body

Pertaining to the urethra

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12
Q

Urine

Urinary

Urinate

Urination

urin- urine

  • ary pertaining to
  • ate composed of, pertaining to
  • ation process
A

Fluid and dissolved substances excreted by kidney

Pertaining to urine

To pass urine

The act of passing urine

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13
Q

Urology

Urologist

Urologic

ur/o- urinary system

  • logy study of
  • logist one who studies
  • ic pertaining to
A

Medical specialty of disorders of the urinary system

Medical specialist in disorders of the urinary system

Pertaining to urology

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14
Q

Calyx

Calyces

A

Funnel shaped structure

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15
Q

Cortex

Cortices

Cortical

cort- cortex
-ical pertaining to

A

Outer portion of an organ

Pertaining to the cortex

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16
Q

Erythropoietin

erythr/o red
-poietin the maker

A

Protein secreted by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production

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17
Q

Filter

Filtrate

Filtration

filtr- strain through

  • ate composed of
  • ation process
A

A porous substance through which a liquid or gas is passed to separate out contained particles; or to use a filter

That which has passed through a filter

Process of passing liquid through a filter

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18
Q

Glomerulus

Glomeruli

Glomerular

gomerul- glomerulus
-ar pertaining to

A

Plexus of capillaries; part of a nephron

Pertaining to or affecting a glomerulus or glomeruli

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19
Q

Hilum

Hila

A

The part where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ

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20
Q

Medulla

A

Central protion of a structure surrounded by cortex

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21
Q

Nephron

Nephron Loop

A

Filtration unit of the kidney; glomerulus + renal tubule

Part of the renal tubule where reabsorption occurs

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22
Q

Pelvis

A

A cup shaped cavity; as in the pelvis of the kidney

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23
Q

Peritubular

peri- around

  • tubul- small tube
  • ar pertaining to
A

Surrounding the small renal tubules

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24
Q

Permeable

Semipermeable

Impermeable

perm/e- pass through

  • able capable of
  • semi half
  • im not, in
A

Allowing passage of a substance through a membrane

Freely permeable to water but not to solutes

When nothing is allowed passage

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25
Q

Reabsorption

re- back

  • ab- away from
  • sorpt- swallow
  • ion process
A

The taking back into the blood of substances that had previously been filtered out

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26
Q

Renin

ren- kidney
-in substance

A

Enzyme secreted by the kidney that causes vasoconstriction

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27
Q

Adenoma

aden- gland
-oma tumor

A

Benign tumor that originates from glandular tissue

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28
Q

Carcinoma

carcin- cancer
-oma tumor

A

A cancerous and invasive epithelial tumor

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29
Q

Glomerulonephritis

glomerul/o- glomerulus

  • nephr- kidney
  • itis inflammation
A

Infection of the glomeruli of the kidney

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30
Q

Interstitial

inter- between

  • stit- space
  • ial pertaining to
A

Pertaining to the spaces between cells in a tissue or organ

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31
Q

Nephritis

nephr- kidney
-itis inflammation

A

Inflammation of the kidney

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32
Q

Nephroblastoma

Wilms tumor

nephr/o- kidney
-blast- embryonic, immature cell

A

Cancerous kidney tumor of the childhood

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33
Q

Nephropathy

nephr/o- kidney
-pathy disease

A

Any disease of the kidney

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34
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrosis

nephr/o- kidney

  • tic pertaining to
  • osos condition
A

Glomerular disease with marked loss of protein

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35
Q

Pyelitis

Pyelonephritis

pyel/o- renal pelvis
-nephr- kidney

A

Inflammation of renal pelvis

Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

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36
Q

Anuria

an- lack of, without

  • ur- urine
  • ia condition
A

Absence of urine production

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37
Q

Azotemia

azot- nitrogen
-emia blood condition

A

Excess nitrogenous waste products in the blood

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38
Q

Hematuria

hemat- blood

  • ur- urine
  • ia condition
A

Blood in the urine

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39
Q

Hypertension

hyper- excessive

  • tens- pressure
  • ion action, condition
A

persistent high arterial blood pressure

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40
Q

oliguria

olig- scanty

  • ur- urine
  • ia condition
A

Scanty production of urine

41
Q

Polycystic

poly- many

  • cyst- bladder, cyst
  • ic pertaining to
A

Composed of many cyst

42
Q

Proteinuria

protein- protein

  • ur- urine
  • ia condition
A

presence of protein in urine

43
Q

Uremia

ur- urine
-emia blood condition

A

A condition caused by excessive urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood

44
Q

Calcus

Calculi

A

Small stone

45
Q

Hydronephrosis

Hydronephrotic

hydro- water

  • nephr/o- kidney
  • osis condition
  • tic pertaining to
A

Dilation of pelvis and calyces of a kidney

pertaining to or suffering from the dilation of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney

46
Q

Intermittent

inter- between

  • mitt- send
  • ent end result
A

Alternating ceasing and beginning again

47
Q

Nephrolithiasis

nephr/o- kidney

  • lith- stone
  • iasis condition
A

Presence of a kidney stone

48
Q

Peristalsis

Peristaltic

peri- around

  • stalsis constrict
  • tic pertaining to
A

Waves of alternate contraction and relaxation along a tube to move its contents onward

Pertaining to peristalsis

49
Q

Reflux

re- back
-flux flow

A

Backward flow

50
Q

Spasmodic

spasm- spasm

  • mod- nature, form
  • ic pertaining to
A

Having intermittent spasms or contractions

51
Q

Meatus

A

The external opening of a passage

52
Q

Micturition

Micturate

mictur- pass urine

  • ition process
  • ate composed of
A

Act of passing urine

Pass urine

53
Q

Reflex

A

An involuntary response to a stimulus

54
Q

Sphincter

A

Band of muscle that encircles an opening, when the muscle contracts, the opening squeezes closed

55
Q

Urination

ation- process

A

The passing of urine

56
Q

Void

A

To evacuate urine or feces

57
Q

Cystitis

cyst- bladder
-itis inflammation

A

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

58
Q

Dysuria

dys- bad, difficult

  • ur- urinary system
  • ia condition
A

Difficulty or pain with urination

59
Q

Frequency

frequ- repeated, often
-ency state of, quality of

A

the number of times something happens in a given time

60
Q

Idiopathic

idi/o- personal, distinct

  • path- disease
  • ic pertaining to
A

Pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology

61
Q

Incontinence

Incontinent

in- in, not

  • contin- hold together
  • ence state of, quality of
  • ent pertaining to, end result
A

Inability to prevent discharge of urine or feces

Denoting incontinence

62
Q

Retention

A

A holding in of what should normally be discharged

63
Q

Suprapubic

supra- above

  • pub- pubis
  • ic pertaining to
A

Above the symphysis pubis

64
Q

Cast

A

a cylindrical mold formed by materials in the kidney tubules

65
Q

Cystoscope

Cystoscopy

cyst/o bladder

  • scope instrument for viewing
  • scopy to examine
A

An endoscope to view the inside of the bladder

The process of using a cystoscope

66
Q

Glycosuria

glyc/o- glucose

  • ur- urinary system
  • ia condtion
A

Presence of glucose in urine

67
Q

Ketone

Ketosis

Ketoacidosis

ket/o- ketones

  • acid/o- acid, low pH
  • sis condition
A

Chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation

Excess production of ketones

Excessive production of ketones, making the blood acidic

68
Q

Nitrite

A

Chemical formed in urine by E. Coli and other microorganisms

69
Q

Pyelogram

pyel/o renal pelvis
-gram recording

A

X ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters

70
Q

Retrograde

retro- backward
-grade going

A

reversal of a normal flow; for example, back from the bladder into the ureters

71
Q

Stage

A

A description of the distribution and extent of dissemination of a cancer disease process

72
Q

Urinalysis

urin/a- urine
-lysis to separate

A

Examination of urine to separate it into its elements and define their kind and or quantity

73
Q

Ambulatory

ambulat- walk
-ory relating to

A

Relating to walking

74
Q

Catheter

A

Hollow tube that allows passage of fluid into or out of a body cavity, organ, or vessel

75
Q

Cystopexy

cyst/o- bladder
-pexy surgical fixation

A

Surgical procedure to support the urinary bladder

76
Q

Dialysis

Dialyzer

Hemodialysis

dia- complete
-lysis to separate
-lyzer separator
hem/o blood

A

An artificial method of filtration to remove excess waste materials and water from the body

machine that performs dialysis

An artificial machine based method to remove wastes from blood

77
Q

Extracorpeal

extra- outside

  • corpor- body
  • eal pertaining to
A

Outside the body

78
Q

Kegel Exercises

A

Contraction and relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles to improve urethral and rectal sphincter function

79
Q

Lithotripsy

Lithotripter

lith/o- stone

  • tripsy to crush
  • tripter crusher
A

Crushing stones by sound waves

instrument that generated the sound waves

80
Q

nephrolithotomy

nephr/o- kidney
lith/o- stone
-tomy surgical incision

A

Incision to remove a renal stone

81
Q

Nephroscope

Nephroscopy

nephr/o- kidney

  • scope instrument for viewing
  • scopy to examine
A

Endoscope to view the inside of the kidney

Visual examination of the kidney

82
Q

Percutaneous

per- thorugh
cutane/o skin
-us pertaining to

A

Pertaining to through the skin

83
Q

Transplant

trans- across
-plant insert, plant

A

The act of transferring tissue from one person to another

84
Q

Ureteroscope

Ureteroscopy

ureter/o- ureter
-scope instrument for viewing

-scopy to examine

A

Endoscope to view the inside of the ureter

Endoscopic examination of the inside of the ureter

85
Q

Alpha-Blocking Agent

Alpha-blockers

A

Drugs that relax smooth muscle

86
Q

Analgesia

Analgesic

an- wihtout
alges- sensation of pain
-ia condition
-ic pertaining to

A

State in which pain is reduced

Substance that produces analgesia

Ex. Pyridium

87
Q

Culture

A

the reproduction of microorganisms on or in various media

88
Q

Diuresis

Diuretic

dia- complete

  • ur- urinary system
  • esis abnormal condition
  • etic pertaining to
A

Excretion of large volumes of urine

Agent that increases urine output

Ex. Lasix

89
Q

Generic

gener- birth
-ic pertaining to

A

A nonproprietary name for a drug

90
Q

Hypokalemia

hypo- below, low
kal-potassium
-emia blood condition

A

Low concentration of potassium in the blood

91
Q

Sensitivity

sensitiv- feeling
-ity condition, state

A

Denoting the susceptibility of a microorganism to inhibition or destruction by a given antibiotic

92
Q

Antiretroviral

Retrovirus

anti- against

  • retro- back, backward
  • vir- virus
  • al pertaining to
A

An agent that inhibits or kills any virus of the family

A virus with RNA core genetic material

93
Q

Genital

Genitalia

genit- primary male or female sex organs

  • al pertaining to
  • ia condition
A

Relating to the male or female sex organs

External and internal organs of reproduction

94
Q

Vaginosis

Vaginitis

vagin- vagina

  • osis condition
  • itis inflammation
A

Any disease of the vagina

Inflammation of the vagina

95
Q

Dysfunction

Dysfunctional

dys- difficult, painful

  • function perform
  • al pertaining to
A

Difficulty in performing

Having difficulty performing

96
Q

Impotence

A

Inability to achieve an erection

97
Q

Overactive

over- above

  • act- process of doing
  • ive function, connection
A

An exaggerated response

98
Q

Functions of the Kidneys

A
  1. Filter blood to eliminate waste
  2. Regulate blood volume and pressure by eliminating or conserving water as necessary
  3. Maintain homeostasis by controlling the quantities of water and electrolytes that are eliminated
  4. Secrete the enzyme renin, which raises arterial blood pressure
  5. Secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which acts on the bone to release red blood cells
  6. Synthesize Vitamin D to contribute to maintaining normal blood calcium levels

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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