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Medical Terminology > Blood System > Flashcards

Blood System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Albumin

A

Simple, Soluble protein

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2
Q

Colloid

coll-glue
-oid appearance of

A

Liquid containing suspended particles

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3
Q

Fibrin

Fibrinogen

fibrin/o- fibrin
-gen create, produce

A

Stringy protein fiber that is a component of a blood clot.

Precursor of fibrin in blood-clotting process

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4
Q

Globulin

A

Family of blood protein

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5
Q

hematocrit

hemat/o -blood
-crit to seperate

A

Percentage of red blood cells in the blood

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6
Q

Hemoglobin

hem/o- blood
globin- protein

A

Red pigmented protein that is the main component of red blood cells

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7
Q

index

indices

A

A standard indicator of measurement relating one component to another

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8
Q

Microcytic

micro-small

  • cyt- cell
  • ic pertaining to
A

Pertaining to a small cell

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9
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid, noncellular component of blood

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10
Q

Serum

A

Fluid remaining after removal of cells and fibrin clot

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11
Q

Alkaline (Basic)

Alkal- base
-ine pertaining to, substance

A

Substance with a pH above 7.0

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12
Q

Acid

A

Substance with a pH below 7.0

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13
Q

Buffer

A

Substance that resists a change in pH

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14
Q

Creatinine

creatin- creatine
-ine pertaining to, substance

A

Breakdown product of the skeletal muscle protein creatine

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15
Q

Homeostasis

home/o- the same
-stasis control

A

Stability or equalibrium of a system or the body’s internal environment

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16
Q

Osmosis

osmo-push
-sis process

A

The passage of water across a cell membrane

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17
Q

Urea

A

End product of nitrogen metabolism

urine

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18
Q

Viscous

Viscosity

visc/o- resistance to flow
-sity condition, state

A

Sticky, resistant to flowing

The resistance of a fluid to flow

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19
Q

Biconcave

bi- two, double
-concave arched, hollow

A

Having a hollowed surface on both sides of a structure

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20
Q

Erythroblast

erythr/o red
-blast germ cell

A

Precursor to a red blood cell

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21
Q

Erythrocyte

erythr/o red
-cyte cell

A

Another name for a red blood cell

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22
Q

Erythropoiesis

Erythropoietin

erythr/o red

  • poiesis to make
  • poietin the maker
A

The formation of red blood cells

Protein secreted by the kidney that stimulated red blood cell production

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23
Q

Hematopoietic

hemat/o blood

  • poiet- the maker
  • ic pertaining to
A

Pertaining to the making of red blood cells

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24
Q

Heme

A

The iron based component of hemoglobin that carries oxygen

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25
Q

Macrophage

macr/o large
-phage to eat

A

Large white blood cell that removes bacteria, foreign particles, and dead cells

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26
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

ox/y- oxygen

  • hem/o- blood
  • globin protein
A

Hemoglobin in combination with oxygen

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27
Q

Reticulocyte

reticul/o netlike
-cyte cell

A

Immature red blood cell

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28
Q

Agglutinate

ag-to

  • glutin- stick together, glue
  • ate composed of, pertaining to
A

Stick together to form clumps

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29
Q

Aplastic Anemia

a- without

  • plas- formation
  • tic pertaining to

an- without, lack of
emia blood

A

Condition in which the bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient red blood cells, white cells, and platelets

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30
Q

Hemoglobinopathy

hem/o- blood

  • globin/o- protein
  • pathy disease
A

Disease caused by the presence of an abnormal hemoglobin in the red blood cells

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31
Q

Hemolysis

Hemolytic

hem/o blood
-lysis destruction

  • lyt- destroy
  • ic pertaining to
A

Destruction of red blood cells so that hemoglobin is liberated

Pertaining to the process of destruction of red blood cells

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32
Q

Hypochromic

hypo- deficient, below

  • chrom-color
  • ic pertaining to
A

Pale in color, as in RBCs when hemoglobin is deficient

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33
Q

Hypoxia

Hypoxic

hypo- deficient

  • ox- oxygen
  • ia condition
  • ic pertaining to
A

Below normal levels of oxygen in tissues, gases, or blood

Deficient in oxygen

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34
Q

Incompatible

in- not
compat- tolerate
-able can do

A

Substances that interfere with each other physiologically

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35
Q

Macrocyte

Macrocytic

Microcyte

macro- large
micro- small
-cyt- cell
-ic pertaining to

A

Large red blood cell

Pertaining to macrocytes

Pertaining to a small cell

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36
Q

Pallor

A

Paleness of the skin or a red blood cell

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37
Q

Pernicious Anemia

Pernicious destructive
an-without
-emia blood

A

Chronic Anemia due to lack of vitamin B12

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38
Q

Poikilocytic

Poikilocytosis

poikilo- irregular

  • cyt- cell
  • ic pertaining to
  • osis condition
A

Pertaining to an irregular shaped red blood cell

A condition of irregular shaped red blood cells

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39
Q

Polycythemia Vera

poly- many, much
-cyt- cell
-hemia blood condition
vera truth

A

Chronic disease with bone marrow hyperplasia and increase in number of red blood cells and in blood volume

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40
Q

Spherocyte

Spherocytosis

spher/o- sphere

  • cyte cell
  • osis condition
A

A spherical cell

Presence of spherocytes in blood

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41
Q

Thalassemia

thalass- sea
-emia blood condition

A

Group of inherited blood disorders that produce a hemolytic anemia and occur in people living around the Mediterranean Sea.

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42
Q

Basophil

bas/o- base
-phil attraction

A

A basophils granules attract a basic blue stain in the laboratory.

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43
Q

Eosinophil

eosin/o dawn
-phil attraction

A

An eosinophils granules attract a rosy red color on staining

44
Q

Granulocyte

granul/o small grain
-cyte cell

A

A white blood cell that contains multiple small granules in its cytoplasm

45
Q

Heparin

hepar- liver
-in chemical

A

An anticoagulant secreted particularly by liver cells

46
Q

Leukocyte

leuk/o white
-cyte cell

A

Another term for white blood cell

47
Q

Neutrophil

neutr/o neutral
-phil attraction

A

A neutrophils granules take up purple stain equally whether the stain is acid or alkaline

48
Q

Polymorphonuclear

poly- many

  • morph/o- shape
  • nucle- nucleus
  • ar pertaining to
A

White blood cells with a multilobed nucleus

49
Q

Agranulocyte

a- without, not

  • granul/o- granule
  • cyte cell
A

A white blood cell without any granules in its cytoplasm

50
Q

Antibody

Antibodies

A

Protein produced in response to an antigen

51
Q

Immunoglobulin

immun/o- immune response
-globulin- protein

A

Specific protein evoked by an antigen; all antibodies immunogobulins

52
Q

Lymphocyte

lymph/o lymph
-cyte- cell

A

Small white blood cell with a large nucleus

53
Q

Basophilia

bas/o- base
-philia attraction

A

Condition of increased basophil cells

54
Q

Eosinophilia

eosin/o dawn
-philia attraction

A

Condition of increased eosinophil cells

55
Q

Leukemia

Leukemic

leuk- white

  • emia blood condition
  • -emic in the blood
A

Disease in which the blood is taken over by white blood cells and their precursors

Pertaining to having the characteristics of leukemia

56
Q

Leukocytosis

leuk/o- white
cyt- cell
-osis conditon

A

An excessive number of white blood cells

57
Q

Lymphocytopenia

lymph/o lymph
cyt/o cell
-penia deficiency

A

Condition of decreased lymphocytes in the blood

58
Q

Lymphocytosis

lymph/o- lymph

  • cyt/o- cell
  • osis condition
A

Condition of increased lymphocytes in the blood

59
Q

Lymphoid

Lymphoid Leukemia

lymph- lymph
-oid resembling
leuko- white
-emia blood condition

A

Resembling lymphatic tissue

Malignant disease marked by an uncontrolled production of lymphocytes

60
Q

Monocytosis

Monocytopenia

mono- single

  • cyt/o- cell
  • osis condition
  • penia deficiency
A

Increased number of monocytes in the blood

Decreased number of monocytes in the blood

61
Q

Mononucleuosis

mono- single
nucle- nucleus
-osis condition

A

Presence of large numbers of mononuclear leukocytes

62
Q

Myeloid

Myeloid Leukemia

myel- bone marrow
-oid resembling
leuk-white
-emia blood condition

A

Resembling cells derived from bone marrow

Leukemia that begins with cells in the bone marrow and moves into the blood

63
Q

Neutrophilia

neutropenia

neutr/o neutral

  • philia attraction
  • penia deficiency
A

An excess number of neutrophils

A deficiency in neutrophils

64
Q

Pancytopenia

pan- all
cyt/o cell
-penia deficiency

A

Deficiency of all types of blood cells

65
Q

Platelet

Thrombocyte

plate- flat
-let small

thromb/o blood clot, clot
-cyte cell

A

Cell fragment involved in the clotting process

66
Q

Precursor

pre- before, in front of
-cursor run

A

Cell or substance formed earlier in the development of the cell or substance

67
Q

Stem Cell

A

Undifferentiated cell found in the differentiated tissue that can divide to yield the specialized cells in that tissue

68
Q

Anticoagulant

coagulant
coagulation

anti- against

  • coagul- clump
  • ant forming
  • ation process
A

Substance that prevents clotting

Substance that induces clotting
The process of blood clotting

69
Q

Fibroblast

fibr/o fiber
-blast immature cell

A

Cell that forms collagen fibers

70
Q

Hemostasis

hem/o- blood
-stasis control, stop

A

Controlling or stopping bleeding

71
Q

Megakaryocyte

mega-enormous

  • kary/o- nucleus
  • cyte cell
A

Large cell with large nucleus, Parts of the cytoplasm breaks off to form platelets

72
Q

Prothrombin

pro- before

  • thromb- clot
  • in substance
A

Protein formed by the liver and converted to thrombin in the blood clotting mechanism

73
Q

Thrombin

Thrombocyte

Thrombus

Thrombosis

thromb/o- clot

  • cyte cell
  • osis condition
A

Enzyme that forms fibrin

Another name for a platelet

A clot attached to a blood vessel or heart lining

Formation of a thrombus

74
Q

Coagulopathy
Coagulopathies

coagul/o- clotting
-pathy disease

A

Disorder of blood clotting

75
Q

Disseminate

dis- apart

  • semin- scatter seed
  • ate composed of, pertaining to
A

Widely scatter throughout the body or an organ

76
Q

Embolus

A

Detached piece of a thrombus, a mass of bacteria, quantity of air, or foreign body that blocks a blood vessel

77
Q

Extravasate

extra- out of, outside

  • vas- blood vessel
  • ate composed of, pertaining to
A

Too ooze out from a vessel into the tissues

78
Q

Hematoma

hemat- blood
-oma mass, tumor

A

Collection of blood that has scaped from the blood vessels into the tissues

79
Q

Petechia

Petechiae

A

Pinpoint capillary hemorrhagic spot in the skin

80
Q

Purpura

A

Skin hemorrhages that are red initially and then turn purple

81
Q

Thrombocytopenia

thromb/o clot

  • cyt/o- cell
  • penia deficiency
A

Deficiency of platelets in circulating blood

82
Q

Agglutination

ag- to

  • glutin- glue
  • ation process
A

Process by which cells or other particles adhere to each other to form clumps

83
Q

Antibody

anti- against
-body substance

A

Protein produced in response to an antigen

84
Q

Antigen

anti- against
-gen to produce

A

Any substance that can trigger an immune response

85
Q

Infusion

in- in
-fusion to pour

A

Introduction intravenously of a substance other than blood

86
Q

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

erythr/o- red

  • blast- germ cell, immature cell
  • osis condition

fet- fetus

  • al- pertaining to
  • is belonging to
A

Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to rH imcompatibilty

87
Q

Rhesus Factor

Rhesus- mythical king of Thrace
Factor maker

A

Antigen on red blood cells of Rh positive individuals. It was first indentified in the blood of the rhesus monkey

88
Q

Allogen

Allogenic

allo- different

  • gen to produce
  • ic pertaining to
A

Antigen from someone else in the same species

Pertaining to an allogen

89
Q

Aspiration

aspirat- to breathe
-ion process

A

Removal by suction of fluid or gas from a body cavity

90
Q

Autologous

auto- self, same
-logous relation

A

Blood transfusion with the same person as donor and recipient

91
Q

Compatible

com- with

  • pat- lie together
  • ible
A

Able to exist together with something else

92
Q

Corpuscle

Corpuscular

corpus- body
-cle small

  • cul- small
  • ar pertaining to
A

A blood cell

Pertaining to corpuscle

93
Q

Ferritin

ferrit- iron
-in chemical

A

Iron- protein complex that regulates iron storage

94
Q

Gene

A

Functional unit of heredity

95
Q

Monospot Test

A

Detects heterphile antibodies in infectious mononucleosis

96
Q

Mutate

Mutation

mutat- change
-ion action, condition, process

A

Change the chemistry of a gene

Change in the chemistry of a gene

97
Q

Transfusion

trans- across
-fusion to pour

A

Transfer blood or a blood component from donor to recipient

98
Q

Transplant

trans- across
-plant plant

A

The tissue or organ used or the act of transferring tissue from one person to another

99
Q

Adhere

Adherence

adher- stick to
-ence forming, quality of

A

To stick to something

The act of sticking to something

100
Q

Chemotherapy

chemo- chemical
therapy treatment

A

Treatment using chemical agents

101
Q

Embolism

A

A plug of tissue or air from afar that obstructs a blood vessel

102
Q

Parenteral

par- abnormal

  • enter- intestine
  • al pertaining to
A

Administering medication by any means other than the GI tract

103
Q

Recombinant DNA

re- again

  • combin- combine
  • ant forming
A

DNA altered by inserting a new sequence of DNA into the chain

104
Q

Streptokinase

strepto- curved
-kinase enzyme

A

An enzyme that dissolves clots

105
Q

Vasopressin

vas/o blood vessel

  • press- close, press
  • in chemical compound
A

Pituitary hommone that constricts blood vessels and decreases urinary output

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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