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Medical Terminology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of the Nervous System

A
  1. Sensory Input to the brain comes from receptors all over the body at both the conscious and subconscious levels.
  2. Motor Input from the brain stimulates the skeletal muscles to contract an enables you to bend down, cut a stem, or move in any way.
  3. Evaluation and Intergration occurs in the brain to process sensory input, initiate a motor response, and store the event in the memory.
  4. Homeostasis is maintained by the nervous system taking in internal sensory input, and, for example, responding by stimulating the heart to deliver the correct volume of blood for oxygenation and removal of waste products
  5. Mental activity occurs in the brain so that you can think, feel, understand, respond, and remember
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2
Q

Antiepileptic

anti- against

  • epilep- seizure
  • tic pertaining to
A

A pharmacologic agent capable of preventing or arresting epilepsy

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3
Q

Convulsion

con- with, together

  • vuls- tear, pull
  • ion process
A

Alternative name for a seizure

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4
Q

Electroencephalogram
(EEG)

electr/o- electricity

  • encephal/o- brain
  • gram record
A

Record of the electrical activity of the brain

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5
Q

Electroneurodiagnostic

electr/o- electricity

  • neur/o- nerve
  • dia- complete
  • gnos- knowledge
  • tic pertaining to
A

Pertaining to the use of electricity in the diagnosis of a neurologic disorder

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6
Q

Epilepsy

Epileptic

epilep- seizure
-tic pertaining to

A

Chronic brain disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges

Pertaining to or suffering from seizures

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7
Q

Ictal

ict- seizure
-al pertaining to

A

Pertaining to, or condition caused by, a stroke or epilepsy

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8
Q

Motor

A

Pertaining to the nerves that send impulses out to cause muscles to contract or glands to secrete

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9
Q

Neurology

Neurologist

Neurologic

neur/o- nerve

  • logy study of
  • logist one who studies, specialist
  • ic pertaining to
A

Medical specialty of disorders of the nervous system

Medical specialist in disorders of the nervous system

Pertaining to the nervous system

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10
Q

Psychoactive

psych/o- soul, mind
-active agent of change

A

An agent with the ability to alter mood, anxiety, behavior, congnitive processes, or mental tension

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11
Q

Seizure

seiz- to grab, convulse
-ure process

A

Event due to excessive electrical activity in the brain

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12
Q

Sensory

sens- feel
-ory having the function of

A

Having the function of sensation, relating to structures of the nervous system that carry impulses to the brain

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13
Q

Tonic

Tonic-Clonic Seizure

ton- pressure, tension
clon= violent action
-ic pertaining to

A

In a state of muscular contraction

Generalized seizure due to epileptic activity in all or most of the brain

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14
Q

Afferent

A

Conducting impulses inward TOWARD the spinal cord or the brain

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15
Q

Autonomic

auto- self

  • non- law
  • ic pertaining to
A

Non voluntary, pertaining to the self governing visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system

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16
Q

Efferent

A

Conducting impulses outward AWAY from the brain or spinal cord

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17
Q

Ganglion

Ganglia

A

Collection of nerves cell bodies outside the CNS

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18
Q

Nerve

Nervous

nerv- nerve
-ous pertaining to

A

A cord of fibers in connective tissue that conduct impulses

Pertaining to nerves

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19
Q

Neuron

A

Technical term for a nerve cell; consists of the cell body with its dendrites and axons

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20
Q

Parasympathetic

para- beside
-sym- together
-pathet- suffering
ic pertaining to

A

Pertaining to the division of autonomic nervous system; has opposite effects of the sympathetic division

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21
Q

Peripheral

peripher- outer part
-al pertaining to

A

Pertaining to the periphery or external boundary

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22
Q

Plexus

Plexuses

A

A weblike network of joined nerves

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23
Q

Somatic

somat- body
-ic pertaining to

A

Pertaining to the division of the peripheral nervous system serving the skeletal muscles

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24
Q

Sympathetic

sym- together

  • pathet- suffering
  • ic pertaining to
A

Pertaining to the part of the autonomic nervous system operating at the unconscious level

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25
Q

Visceral

viscer- internal
-al pertaining to

A

Pertaining to the internal organs

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26
Q

Acetylcholine

acetyl- acetyl
-choline choline

A

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter; stimulates the muscles to contract

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27
Q

Norepinephrine

Nor- normal

  • epi- upon, above
  • nephr- kidney
  • ine pertaining to
A

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter; found in many areas of the brain and spinal cord, has a stimulatory effect that is increased by cocaine and amphetamines

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28
Q

Axon

A

Single process of a nerve cell carrying nervous impulses away from the cell body

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29
Q

Dendrite

A

Branched extension of the nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli

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30
Q

Dopamine

A

Neurotransmitter in some specific small areas of the brain; plays a role in movement, memory, pleasurable rewards, behavior and cognition, mood, and learning

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31
Q

Endorphin

end- within
-morphin morphine

A

Natural substances in the brain for pain relief

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32
Q

Myelin

myel- spinal cord
-in substance, chemical compound

A

Material of the sheath around the axon of a nerve

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33
Q

Neurilemma

neur/i- nerve
-lemma covering

A

Covering of a nerve around the myelin sheath

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34
Q

Neurotransmitter

neur/o- nerve

  • trans- across
  • mitt- to send
  • er agent
A

Chemical agent that relays messages from one nerve cell to the next

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35
Q

Serotonin

ser/o- serum, serous

  • ton- tension
  • in chemical compound
A

Neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems; involved with mood, anxiety, and sleep

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36
Q

Synapse

Synaptic

syn- together
-apse clasp

A

Junction between two nerve cells, or a nerve fiber and its target cell; where electrical impulses are transmitted between cells

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37
Q

Astrocyte

astr/o- star
-cyte cell

A

Star shaped connective tissue cell in the nervous cell

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38
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

BBB

A

A selective mechanism that protects the brain from toxins and infection

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39
Q

Cerebrospinal

Cerebrospinal Fluid
(CSF)

cerebr/o- brain

  • spin- spinal cord
  • al pertaining to
A

Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord

Fluid formed in the ventricles of the brain; surrounds the brain and spinal cord

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40
Q

Ependyma

Ependymal

A

Membrane lining the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain

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41
Q

Glia

Glial

Microglia

Neuroglia

micro- small
neur/o- nerve
-glia glue, supportive tissue of the nervous system

A

Connective tissue that holds a structure together

Small nervous tissue cells that are phagocytes

Connective tissue holding nervous tissue together

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42
Q

Gray Matter

A

Regions of the brain and spinal cord occupied by cell bodies and dendrites

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43
Q

Neurolemmocyte
(Same as Schwann cell)

neur/o- nerve

  • lemm/o rind, husk
  • cyte cell
A

Connective tissue cell of the peripheral nervous system that forms a myelin sheath

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44
Q

Oligodendrocyte

oligo- scanty

  • dendr/o- treelike
  • cyte cell
A

Connective tissue cell of the central nervous system that forms a myelin sheath

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45
Q

White Matter

A

Regions of the brain and spinal cord occupied by bundles of axons

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46
Q

Brainstem

A

Regions of the brain that includes the thalamus, pineal gland, pons, fourth ventricle, and medulla oblongata

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47
Q

Cerebellum

cerebell- little brain
-um structure

A

The most posterior part of the brain, cooridnated skeletal muscle activity to maintain the bodys posture and balance

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48
Q

Cerebrum

Cerebral

cerebr- brain
-al pertaining to

A

The major portion of the brain divided into two hemispheres (cerebral hemispheres) separated by a fissure

Pertaining to the brain

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49
Q

Corpus Callosum

callos- thickening
-um structure

A

Bridge of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

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50
Q

Cortex

Cortical

A

Gray covering of cerebral hemispheres

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51
Q

Frontal Lobe

front- forehead
-al pertaining to

A

Area of brain behind the forehead; forms the anterior part of the hemisphere. It is responsible for memory, intellect, concentration, problem solving, emotion, and the planning and execution of behavior, including voluntary motor control of muscles

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52
Q

Gyrus

Gyri

A

Rounded elevation on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere

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53
Q

Occipital Lobe

occipit- back of head
-al pertaining to

A

Posterior area of the cerebral hemisphere; located at the bakc of the head, interprets visual images and the written word

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54
Q

Parietal Lobe

pariet- wall
-al pertaining to

A

Area of brain above the ear and is posterior to the frontal lobe. The parietal lobe receives and interprets sensations of pain, pressure, touch, temperature, and body part awareness

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55
Q

Sulcus

Sulci

A

Groove on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that separates gyri

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56
Q

Temporal Lobe

tempor- temple, side of head
-al pertaining to

A

Posterior two thirds of cerebral hemisphere; located behind the ear, is below the frontal and parietal lobe; involved in interpreting sensory experiences sounds, and spoken words

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57
Q

Decussate

A

Cross over like the arms of an X

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58
Q

Hypothalamus

Hypothalamic

hypo- below

  • thalam- thalamus
  • us pertaining to
  • ic pertaining to
A

Area of grey matter forming part of the walls and floor of the third ventricle

Pertaining to the hypothalamus

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59
Q

Limbic

A

Pertaining to the limbic system, which controls vital functions of breathing, heart beat, and blood pressure

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60
Q

Medulla Oblongata

medulla- middle

  • oblong- elongate
  • ata place
A

Most posterior subdivision of the brainstem, continuation of the spinal cord

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61
Q

Pons

A

Relays sensory information from the peripheral nerves to different areas of the brain

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62
Q

Reticulum

Reticular

reticul- fine net

  • um structure
  • ar pertaining to
A

Fine network of cells in the medulla oblongata

Pertaining to the reticulum

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63
Q

Thalamus

A

Relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex

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64
Q

Ventricle

Ventricular

ventricul- ventricle

A

A cavity of the heart or brain

Pertaining to a ventricle

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65
Q

Abducens

A

Sixth cranial nerve, responsible for eye movement

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66
Q

Accessory

A

Eleventh cranial nerve, supplying the neck muscles, pharynx, and larynx

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67
Q

Auditory

audit- hearing
-ory having the function of

A

Pertaining to the sense of or the organs of hearing

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68
Q

Cranial

crani- skull, cranium
-al pertaining to

A

Pertaining to the skill

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69
Q

Facial

A

Seventh cranial nerve, supplying the forehead, nose, eyes, mouth, and jaw

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70
Q

Glossopharyngeal

gloss/o- tongue
-pharyng- pharynx

A

Ninth cranial nerve, supplying the tongue and the pharynx

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71
Q

Hypoglossal

hypo- below, under

  • gloss/o- tongue
  • eal pertaining to
A

Twelfth cranial nerve, supplying muscles of the tongue

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72
Q

Oculomotor

ocul/o eye

  • mot- move
  • or doer
A

Third cranial nerve, moves the eye

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73
Q

Olfactory

olfact- smell
-ory having the function of

A

Firs cranial nerve, carries information related to the sense of smell

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74
Q

Optic

opt- eye
-ic pertaining to

A

Second Cranial nerve, carries visual information

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75
Q

Trigeminal

tri- three

  • gemin- double, twin
  • al pertaining to
A

Fifth cranial nerve, with its three different branches supplying the face

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76
Q

Trochlear

trochle- pulley
-ar pertaining to

A

Fourth cranial nerve; supplies one muscle of the eye

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77
Q

Vagus

A

Tenth cranial nerve, supplies many different organs throughout the body

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78
Q

Vestibulocochlear

vestibul/o- vestibule of inner ear

  • cochle- cochlea
  • ar pertaining to
A

Eighth cranial nerve, carrying information for the senses of hearing and balance

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79
Q

Arachnoid Mater

arachn- cobweb, spider

  • oid resembling
  • mater mother
A

Weblike middle layer of the three meninges

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80
Q

Cauda Equina

caud/a tail
equin/a horse

A

Bundle of spinal nerves in the vertebral canal below the ending of the spinal cord

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81
Q

Cervical

cervic- neck
-al pertaining to

A

Pertaining to the neck region

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82
Q

Dermatome

derm/a- skin
-tome instrument to cut

A

Th area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve, alternatively, an instrument for cutting slices

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83
Q

Dura Mater

dur/a- hard
mater mother

A

Hard, fibrous outer layer of the meninges

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84
Q

Epidural

Epidural Space

epi- above

A

Above the dura

Space between the dura mater and the wall of the vertebral canal or skull

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85
Q

Intervertebral

inter- between

  • vertebr- vertebra
  • al pertaining to
A

The space between two vertebrae

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86
Q

Lumbar

A

Pertaining to the region in the back and sides between the ribs and pelvis

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87
Q

Meninges

A

Three layered covering of the brain and spinal cord

88
Q

Pla Mater

pla- delicate
-mater mother

A

Delicate inner layer of the meninges

89
Q

Sacral

sacr- sacrum
-al pertaining to

A

In the neighborhood of the sacrum

90
Q

Subarachnoid Space

sub- under

  • arachn- cobweb, spider
  • oid resembling
A

Space between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater

91
Q

Thoracic

thorac- chest
-ic pertaining to

A

Pertaining hte the chest (thorax)

92
Q

Tract

A

Bundle of nerve fibers with common origin and destination

93
Q

Alzheimer Disease

A

Common form of dementia, brain tissue has protein clumps and tangles

94
Q

Cognition

Cognitive

cognit- thinking
-ive nature of, quality of pertaining to

A

Process of acquiring knowledge through thinking, learning, and memory

Pertaining to the mental activities of thinking and learning

95
Q

Confusion

confus- bewildered
-ion action, condition

A

Mental state in which environmental stimuli are not processed appropriately

96
Q

Conscious

Consciousness

Unconscious

un- not
conscious- aware
-ness quality, state

A

Having present knowledge of oneself and ones surroundings

The state of being aware of and responsive to the environment

No conscious, lacking awareness

97
Q

Delirium

deliri- confusion, disorientation
-um structure

A

Acute altered state of consciousness with agitation and disorientation, condition is reversible

98
Q

Dementia

de- without

  • ment- mind
  • ia condition
A

Chronic, progressive, irreversible loss of the minds cognitive and intelluctual functions

99
Q

Empathy

em- into
-pathy disease

A

Ability to place yourself into the feelings, emotions, and reactions of another person

100
Q

Sympathy

sym- together
-pathy disease

A

Appreciation and concern for another persons mental and emotional state

101
Q

Aneurysm

Aneurysmal

A

Circumscribed dilation of an artery or cardiac chamber

102
Q

Arteriovenous Malformation

arteri/o artery
-ven- vein
-ous pertaining to
mal- bad
-format- to form
-ion process
A

An abnormal communication between an artery and a vein

103
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident
(Stroke)

cerebr/o- brain

  • vascul- blood vessel
  • ar pertaining to
A

Acute clinical event caused by an impaired cerebral circulation

104
Q

Hemiparesis

hemi- half
-paresis weakness

A

Weakness of one side of the body

105
Q

Hemiplegia

Hemiplegic

hemi- half

  • pleg- paralysis
  • ic pertaining to
  • ia condition
A

Paralysis of one side of the body

Pertaining to or suffering from hemiplegia

106
Q

Microangiopathy

micro- small

  • angi/o- blood vessel
  • pathy disease
A

Disease of the very small blood vessels

107
Q

Ataxia

Ataxic

a- without

  • tax- coordination
  • ia condition
  • ic pertaining to
A

Inability to coordinate muscle activity, leading the jerky movements

Pertaining to or suffering from ataxia

108
Q

Athetosis

Athetoid

athet- uncontrolled, without position

  • osis condition
  • oid resembling
A

Slow writhing involuntary movements

Resembling athetosis

109
Q

Clonic

A

Alternating muscular contraction and relaxation

110
Q

Diplegia

Diplegic

di- two

  • pleg- paralysis
  • ia condition
  • ic pertaining to
A

Paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body

Pertaining to or suffering from diplegia

111
Q

Impairment

impair- worsen
-ment action, state

A

Diminishing of normal function

112
Q

Monoplegia

monoplegic

mono- one

  • pleg- paralysis
  • ia condition
  • ic pertaining to
A

Paralysis of one limb

Pertaining to or suffering from monoplegia

113
Q

Palsy

A

paralysis or paresis from brain damage

114
Q

Paraplegia

Paraplegic

para- abnormal, beside

  • pleg- paralysis
  • ia condtion
  • ic pertaining to
A

Paralysis of both lower extremities

Pertaining to or suffering from paraplegia

115
Q

Quadriplegia

Quadriplegic

quadri- four

  • pleg- paralysis
  • ia condition
  • ic pertaining to
A

Paralysis of all four limbs

Pertaining to or suffering from quadriplegia

116
Q

Spasm

Spastic

spast- tight
ic- pertaining to

A

Sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle group

Increased muscle tone on movement

Pertaining to or suffering from increased muscle tone on movement

117
Q

Stroke

A

Acute clinical event caused by an impaired cerebral circulation

118
Q

Tetraplegia

Tetraplegic

tetra- four

  • pleg- paralysis
  • ia condition
  • ic pertaining to
A

Paralysis of four limbs

Pertaining to or suffering from tetraplegia

119
Q

Triplegia

Triplegia

tri- three

  • pleg- paralysis
  • ia condtion
  • ic pertaining to
A

Paralysis of three limbs

Pertaining to or suffering from triplegia

120
Q

Absence Seizure

ab- away form
-sence to feel
seiz- to convulse
-ure process

A

A brief seizure characterized by absence of activity and occasionally clonic movements

121
Q

Cataplexy

cata- down
-plexy stroke

A

Sudden loss of muscle tone with brief paralysis

122
Q

Epilepsy

A

Chronic brain disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges

123
Q

Narcolepsy

narc/o- stupor
-lepsy seizure

A

Condition with frequent incidents of sudden, involuntary deep sleep

124
Q

Postictal

post- after

  • ict- seizure
  • al pertaining to
A

Occurring after a seizure

125
Q

Status Epilepticus

stat- standing still
-us pertaining to
epilept- seizure
-ic pertaining to

A

A recurrent state of seizure activity lasting longer than a specific time frame

126
Q

Tic

A

Suden , involuntary, repeated contraction of muscle

127
Q

Tonic Clonic Seizure

ton- pressure, tension
clon- violent action
seiz- to grab, convulse
-ure process

A

Generalized seizure due to epileptic activity in all or most of the brain

Muscular contraction in a continuous state

Relating to muscle movements showing contraction and relaxation in rapid succession

128
Q

Tourette Syndrome

A

Disorder of multiple motor and vocal tics

129
Q

Aura

A

Sensory experience preceding an epileptic seizure or a migraine headache

130
Q

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

bov- cattle
-ine pertaining to
spong/i sponge
-form appearance of
en- in
-cephal/o- head
-pathy disease
A

Disease of cattle that can be transmitted to humans, causing Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease

131
Q

Cephalalgia

cephal- head
-algia pain

A

Pertaining to pain in the head

132
Q

Chorea

Choreic

chore- dance
-ic pertaining to

A

Involuntary, irregular spasms of the limbs and facial muscles

133
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

A

Prgressive incurable neurological diease caused by infected prions

134
Q

Festinant

A

Shuffling, falling forward gait

135
Q

Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioma

gli/o- glue
-blast- germ cell
-oma tumor
multi- many
-forme appearance of
A

A malignant form of brain cancer

Tumor arising in a glial cell

136
Q

Huntington Disease

Huntington Chorea

A

Progressive inherited, degenerative, incurable neurologic disease

137
Q

Migraine

mi- derived from hemi, half
-graine head pain

A

Paroxysmal severe headache confined to one side of the head

138
Q

Parenchyma

A

Characteristic functional cells of a gland or organ that are supported by the connective tissue framework

139
Q

Parkinson Disease

A

Disease of muscular rigidity, tremors, and a masklike facial expression

140
Q

Prion

A

Small infectious protein particle

141
Q

Reye Syndrome

A

Encephalopathy and liver damage in children following an acute viral illness; linked to aspirin use

142
Q

Syncope

A

Temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone due to diminished cerebral blood flow

143
Q

Tremor

A

Small, shaking, involuntary, repetitive movements of hands, extremities, neck, or jaw

144
Q

Activities of daily living

A

Daily routines for mobility and personal care: bathing, eating, dressing, and moving

145
Q

Concussion

concuss- shaking violently
-ion action, condition

A

Mild head injury

146
Q

Contusion

contus- bruise
-ion action, condition

A

Bruising of a tissue, including the brain

147
Q

Coup

Contrecoup

A

Injury to the brain occurring directly under the skull at the point of impact

Injury to the brain at a point directly opposite the point of the original contact

148
Q

Disability

dis- away from
-ability competence

A

Diminished capacity to perform certain activites or functions

149
Q

Handicap

A

Condition that interferes with a persons ability to perform normally

150
Q

Insomnia

in- not

  • somn- sleep
  • ia condtion
A

Inability to sleep

151
Q

Bell Palsy

A

Paresis or paralysis of one side of the face

152
Q

Epidural

epi- above

  • dur- dura mater
  • al pertaining to
A

Above the dura

153
Q

Hematoma

hemat- blood
-oma tumor, mass

A

Collection of blood that has escaped from the blood vessels into tissue

154
Q

Hemifacial

hemi- half

  • faci- face
  • al pertaining to
A

Pertaining to one side of the face

155
Q

Horner Syndrome

syn- together
-drome running

A

Disorder of the sympathetic nerves to the face and eye

Combination of symptoms and signs associated with a particular disease

156
Q

Meningioma

Meningococcal

Meningitis

mening/o meninges

  • cocc- spherical bacterium
  • oma tumor, mass
  • al pertaining to
  • itis infection
A

Tumor arising from the arachnoid layer of the meninges

Pertaining to the meningococcus bacterium

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

157
Q

Neuralgia

neur- nerve
-algia pain

A

Pain in the distribution of a nerve

158
Q

Subdural

sub- under

  • dur- dura mater
  • al pertaining to
A

Located in the space between the dura mater and arachnoid membrane

159
Q

Tic Douloureux

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

Painful, sudden, spasmodic, involuntary contractions of the facial muscles supplied by the trigeminal nerve

160
Q

Demyelination

de- away from, without

  • myelin- myelin
  • ation process
A

Process of losing the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber

161
Q

Encephalitis

Encephalomyelitis

encelphal/o brain

  • myel- spinal cord
  • itis inflammation
A

Inflammation of brain cells and tissues

Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

162
Q

Exacerbation

exacerb- increase, aggravate
-ation

A

Period when there is an increase in the severity of a disease

163
Q

Guillain- Barre Syndrome

A

Disorder in which the body makes antibodies against myelin, disrupting nerve conduction

164
Q

Intermittent

inter- between

  • mitt- send
  • ent end result
A

Alternately ceasing and beginning again

165
Q

Paresthesia

Paresthesias

Par- abnormal

  • esthes- sensation, feeling
  • ia condition
A

Abnormal sensation, for example, tingling, burning, prickling

166
Q

Remission

re- back

  • miss- send
  • ion action, condition
A

Period when there is a lessening or absence of the symptoms of a disease

167
Q

amyotrophic

a- without
my/o- muscle
-troph- mourishment, development

A

Pertaining to muscular atrophy

168
Q

Atrophy

a- without
-trophy nourishment, development

A

Wasting or diminshing volume of a tissue or organ

169
Q

Compression

com- together

  • press- squeeze
  • ion action
A

A squeezing together so as to increase density and/or decrease a dimension of a structure

170
Q

Hernia

Herniation

Herniate

herni- rupture

  • ate composed of
  • ation process
A

Protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it

Protrusion of an anatomical structure from its normal location

To protrude

171
Q

Lyme Disease

A

Disease transmitted by the bite of an infected deer tick

172
Q

Myelitis

myel- spinal cord
-itis inflammation

A

Inflammation of the spinal cord

173
Q

Paralyze

Paralysis

Paralytic

para- abnormal

  • lyze destroy
  • lysis destruction
  • lytic loosen
A

To make incapable of movement

Loss of voluntary movement

Pertaining to or suffering from paralysis

174
Q

Poliomyelitis

Polio

Postpolio

polio- gray matter

  • myel- spinal cord
  • itis inflammation
A

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord, leading to paralysis of the limbs and muscles of respiration

Progressive muscle weakness in a person previously affected by polio

175
Q

Spondylosis

spondyl- vertebra
-osis condtion

A

Degenerative osteoarthritis of the spine

176
Q

Syringomyelia

syring/o- tube, pipe

  • myel- spinal cord
  • ia condition
A

Abnormal longitudinal cavities in the spinal cord that causes paresthesias and muscle weakness

177
Q

Botulism

A

Caused by the neurotoxin produced by Clostridium Botulinium

178
Q

Carpal

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

carp- wrist
-al pertaining to

A

Pertaining to the wrist

Compression of the median nerve in the wrist causing numbness, pain, and tingling in the fingers and thump

179
Q

Charcot Joint

A

Bone and joint destruction secondary to a neuropathy and loss of sensation

180
Q

Chickenpox Varicella

A

Acute, contagious viral disease

181
Q

Clostridium Botulinum

A

Bacterium that causes Botulism

182
Q

Herpes Zoster Shingles

A

Painful eruption of vesicles that follows a dermatome or nerve root on one side of the body

183
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

my- muscle

  • a- without
  • sthen- strength
  • ia condition
A

Disorder of fluctuating muscle weakness

184
Q

Neuralgia

neur- nerve
-algia pain

A

Pain in the distribution of a nerve

185
Q

Neuromuscular

neur/o nerve

  • muscul- muscle
  • ar pertaining to
A

Pertaining to both nerves and muscles

186
Q

Neuropathy

Neuropathic

Mononeuropathy

Polyneuropathy

neur/o- nerve
-pathy disease
mono- one
poly- many

A

Any disease of the nervous system

Pertaining to a disease of the nervous system

Disorder affecting a single nerve

Disorder affecting many nerves

187
Q

Neurotoxin

neur/o nerve
-toxin poison

A

Agent that poisons the nervous system

188
Q

Peroneal

peron- fibula
-eal pertaining to

A

Pertaining to the lateral part of the lower leg or the nerve named after it

189
Q

Postherpetic

post- after

  • herpet- herpes
  • ic pertaining to
A

Pertaining to after herpes infection

190
Q

Sciatica

Sciatic

A

Pain from compression of L5 or S1 nerve roots

Pertaining to the sciatic nerve or sciatica

191
Q

Ulnar

uln- ulna
-ar pertaining to

A

Pertaining to the ulna or ant of the structures named after it

192
Q

Anencephaly

an- without

  • encephal- brain
  • y condition
A

Born without cerebral hemispheres

193
Q

Anomaly

A

A structural abnormality

194
Q

Hydrocephalus

hydr/o- water

  • cephal- head
  • us pertaining to
A

Enlarged head due to excess CSF in the cerebral ventricles

195
Q

Meningocele

Meningomyelocele

mening/o- meninges

  • myel/o spinal cord
  • cele hernia
A

Protrusion of the meninges from the spinal cord or brain through a defect in the vertebral column or cranium

Protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral arch of one or more vertebrae

196
Q

Microcephaly

micro- small

  • cephal- head
  • y condition
A

An abnormally small head

197
Q

Shunt

Spina Bifida

Spina Bfida Cystica

Spina Bifida Occulta

spin/a spine
bi- two
-fida split
cyst- csyt
ica- pertaining to 
occulta- hidden
A

A bypass or diversion of fluid

Failure of one or more vertebral arches to close during fetal development

Meninges and spinal cord protrude through the absent vertebral arch and have the appearance of a cyst

The deformity of the vertebral arch is not apparent from the skin surface

198
Q

Teratogen

Teratogenic

terat/o- monster, malformed fetus
-ic pertaining to

A

Agent that produces fetal deformities

Capable of producing fetal deformities

199
Q

Angiography

angi/o- blood vessel
-graphy process of recording

A

Process of recording the image of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

200
Q

Arteriography

arteri/o- artery
-graphy process of recording

A

X ray visualization of an artery after injection of contrast material

201
Q

Doppler

Doppler Ultrasonography

A

Diagnostic instrument that sends an ultrasonic beam into the body

Images that detects direction, velocity, and turbulence of blood flow; used in workup of stroke patients

202
Q

Echoencephalography

ech/o- sound wave

  • encephal/o- brain
  • graphy process of recording
A

Use of the ultrasound in the diagnosis of intracranial lesions

203
Q

Electroencephalogram
(EEG)

elctr/o- electricity

  • encephal/o- brain
  • gram recording
A

Record of the electrical activity in the brain

204
Q

Electromyography

electr/o- electricty

  • my/o- muscle
  • graphy process of recording
A

Radiography of the spinal cord and nerve roots after injection of contrast medium into the subarachnoid space

205
Q

Nerve Conduction Study

nerve- nerve
con- with, together
-duct- lead
-ion action

A

Procedure to measure the speed at which an electrical impulse travels along a nerve

206
Q

Botox

A

Neurotoxin injected into muscles to prevent the muscle from contracting

207
Q

Brachytherapy

brachy- short
-therapy medical treatment

A

Radiation therapy in which the source of irradiation is implanted in the tissue to be treated

208
Q

Cranium

Cranioplasty

Craniotomy

crani/o- skull

  • plasty surgical repair
  • tomy surgical incision
A

The bony container of the brain, excluding the face

repair of a bone defect in the skull

Surgical removal of a part of the skull bone to expose the brain for surgery

209
Q

Endovascular

endo- inside

  • vascul- blood vessel
  • ar pertaining to
A

Relating to the inside of a blood vessel

210
Q

Ablation

ab- away

  • lat- to take
  • ion action, condition
A

Removal of tissue to destroy its function

211
Q

Analgesia

Analgesic

an- without

  • alges- sensation of pain
  • ia condition
  • ic pertaining to
A

State in which pain is reduced

Substance that produces analgesia

212
Q

Anesthesia

an- without
-esthesi/a sensation, feeling

A

Complete loss of sensation

213
Q

Facet

A

Small area, in this case around a pain generating nerve

214
Q

Intrathecal

intra- within

  • thec- sheath
  • al pertaining to
A

Within the subarachnoid or subdural space

215
Q

Morphine

A

Derivative of opium used as an analgesic or sedative

216
Q

Opiate

A

A drug derived from opium

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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