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Medical Terminology > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Canthus

Canthi

A

Corner of the eye where upper and lower lids meet

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2
Q

Conjuctiva

Conjunctival

conjuctiv- conjuctiva
-al pertaining to

A

Inner lining of the eyelids

Pertaining to the conjuctiva

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3
Q

Lacrimal

Lacrimal Duct

Lacrimal Sac

Nasolacrimal

lacrim- tears
-al pertaining to

A

Pertaining to tears

Carries tears to the conjuctiva

Where tears leave the eye at the medial corner

Passage from the lacrimal to the nose

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4
Q

Lysozyme

hys/o decomposition
-zyme enzyme

A

Enzyme that dissolves the cell walls of bacteria

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5
Q

Orbit

Orbital

orbit- orbit
-al pertaining to

A

The bony structure that holds the eyeball

Pertaining to the orbit

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6
Q

Periorbital

peri- around

  • orbit- orbit
  • al pertaining to
A

Pertaining to the tissues around the orbit

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7
Q

Photophobia

Photophobic

phot/o- light

  • ia condition
  • ic pertaining to
A

Fear of the light because it hurts the eyes

Relating to or suffering from photophobia

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8
Q

Tarsus

Tarsal

tars- tarsus
-al pertaining to

A

The flat fibrous plate that gives shape to the edges outer edges of the eyelids

Pertaining to the tarsus

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9
Q

Blepharitis

Blepharoptosis

blephar/o- eyelid

  • itis inflammation
  • ptosis drooping
A

Inflammation of the eyelid

Drooping of the upper eyelid

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10
Q

Chalazion

A

Cyst on the outer edge of an eyelid caused by a blocked tarsal gland

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11
Q

Conjunctivitis

conjunctiv- conjunctiva
-itis inflammation

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

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12
Q

Contagious

contagi- transmissible by contact
-ous pertaining to

A

Able to be transmitted, as infections transmitted from person to person, from person to air, or from surface to person

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13
Q

Dacryocystitis

Dacryostenosis

dacry/o- tears
-cyst- sac
-itis inflammation
sten/o- narrowing
-sis abnormal condition
A

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac

Narrowing of the nasolacrimal duct

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14
Q

Hordeolum

Stye

A

Abscess in an eyelash follicle

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15
Q

Paresis

A

Partial paralysis

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16
Q

Ptosis

A

Sinking down of an eyelid or an organ

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17
Q

Accommodate

Accommodation

ac- toward
-commodate adjust

A

To adjust something to make it fit the needs

The act of adjusting something to make it fit the needs; in the case if the eye the lens adjusts itself

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18
Q

Amblyopia

ambly- dull
-opia sight

A

Failure or incomplete development of the pathways of visions to the brain

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19
Q

Estropia

eso- inward

  • trop- turn
  • ia condition
A

A turning of the eye inward toward the nose

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20
Q

Exotropia

exo- outward

  • trop- turn
  • ia condition
A

A turning of the eye outward away from the nose

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21
Q

Extrinsic

A

Muscles that are located in the outside of the eye

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22
Q

Intrinsic

A

Muscles that are located inside the eye

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23
Q

Stereopsis

stere- three dimensional
-opsis vision

A

Three dimensional vision

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24
Q

Strabismus

strab- squint
-ismus take action

A

A turning of an eye away from its normal position

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25
Q

Ciliary Body

cili- eyelid
-ary pertaining to

A

Muscles that make the lens of the eye thicker and thinner

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26
Q

Cornea

A

The central, transparent part of the outer coat of the eye covering the iris and pupil

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27
Q

Iris

A

Colored portion of the eye with the pupil in its center

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28
Q

Lens

A

Transparent refractive structure behind the iris

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29
Q

Pupil

Pupillary

A

The opening of the in the center of the iris that allows light to reach the lens

Pertaining to the pupil

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30
Q

Refract

Refraction

refract- break up
-ion action, condtion, process

A

Make a change in direction of, or bend, a ray of light

The change in direction of a ray of light when it passes from one optic medium to another

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31
Q

Retina

Retinal

retin- retina
-al pertaining to

A

Light sensitive innermost layer of eyeball

Pertaining to the retina

32
Q

Sclera

Scleral

scler- hard, white of eye
-al pertaining to

A

Fibrous outer covering of the eyeball and the white of the eye

Pertaining to the sclera

33
Q

Sphincter

A

Band of muscle that encircles an opening, when it contracts, the opening squeezes closed

34
Q

Aqueous Humor

aqu/e watery
-ous pertaining to

A

Watery liquid in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

35
Q

Choroid

A

Region of the retina and uvea

36
Q

Fovea Centralis

A

Small pit in the center of the macula that has the highest visual acuity

37
Q

Macula Lutea

A

Yellowish spot on the back of the retina; contains the fovea centralis

38
Q

Optic

Optical

opt- vision, eye
-ical pertaining to

A

Pertaining to the vision or the eye

39
Q

Photoreceptor

phot/o- light

  • recept- receive
  • or that which does something
A

A photoreceptor cell receives light and converts it into electrical impulses

40
Q

Uvea

A

Middle coat of eyeball, includes iris, ciliary body, and choroid

41
Q

Visual Acuity

visu- sight
-al pertaining to

A

Sharpness and clearness of vision

42
Q

Vitreous Humor

vitre- glassy
-ous pertaining to

A

A gelatinous liquid in the posterior cavity of the eyeball with the appearance of glass

43
Q

Astigmatism

a- without

  • stigmat- focus
  • ism action
A

Inability to focus light rays that enter the eye in different planes

44
Q

Chiasm

A

X shaped crossing of the two optic nerves at the base of the brain

45
Q

Emmetropia

emmetr- measure
-opia sight

A

Normal refractive condition of the eye

46
Q

Hyperopia

hyper- beyond
-opia sight

A

Able to see distant objects but unable to see close objects

47
Q

Myopia

myo- to blink
-opia sight

A

Able to see close objects but unable to see distant objects

48
Q

Presbyopia

presby- old person
-opia sight

A

Difficulty in nearsighted vision occuring in middle and old age in both sexes

49
Q

Tract

A

Bundle of nerve fibers with a common origin and destination

50
Q

Abrasion

abras- scrape off

A

Area of skin or mucous membrane that has been scraped off

51
Q

Cataract

A

Complete or partial opacity of the lens

52
Q

Glaucoma

glauc- lens opacity
-oma mass, tumor

A

Increased intraocular pressure

53
Q

Intraocular

intra- inside

  • ocul- eye
  • ar pertaining to
A

Pertaining to the inside of the eye

54
Q

Ophthalmia Neomatorum

ophthalm- eye
-ia condition
neo- new
-nat- born
-ia condition
-orum function of
A

Conjunctivitis of a newborn

55
Q

Peripheral Vision

peripher- external boundary
-al pertaining to

A

Ability to see objects as they come into the outer edges of the outer visual field

56
Q

Leukocoria

leuk/o- white

  • cor- pupil
  • ia condition
A

Reflection in pupil of white mass in the eye

57
Q

Microaneurysm

micro- small
-aneurysm dilation

A

Focal dilation of retinal capillaries

58
Q

Papilledema

papill- pimple
-edema

A

Swelling of the optic disc in the retina

59
Q

Retinoblastoma

Retinopathy

retin/o- retina

  • blast- germ cell
  • oma tumor, mass
  • pathy disease
A

Malignant neoplasm of primitive retinal cells

Degenerative disease of the retina

60
Q

Fluorescein

fluo- flourine
-rescein

A

Dye that produces a vivid green color under a blue light to diagnose corneal abrasions and foreign bodies in the eye

61
Q

Jaeger Reading Cards

A

Printed in different sizes of print for testing near vision

62
Q

Refractometer

refract/o- to bend
-meter measure, instrument to measure

A

Device that measures refractive errors of the cornea

63
Q

Snellen Letter Chart

A

Test for acuity of distance vision

64
Q

Argon Laser

A

Laser used for ophthalmic procedures consisting of photons in the blue and green spectrum

65
Q

Cryotherapy

Cryopexy

cry/o- cold

  • therapy treatment
  • pexy fixation
A

The use of cold in the treatment of disease

Repair of a detached retina by freezing it to surrounding tissue

66
Q

Fundus

A

Part farthest from the opening of a hollow organ

67
Q

Ishihara Color System

A

Test for color vision defects

68
Q

In situ

A

In the correct place

69
Q

Keratectomy

Keratomileusis

Keratotomy

A

Surgery to remove corneal tissue

A surgical procedure that involves cutting and shaping the cornea

Incision in the cornea

70
Q

Phacoemulsification

phac/o- lens
emulscific- to milk out
-ation process

A

Technique used to fragment the center of the lens into very tiny pieces and suck them out of the eye

71
Q

Photocoagulation

Photoreactive

phot/o- light
-coagul- clot
-ation process
re- again
-active movement
A

The use of light (laser beam) to form a clot

Initiation by light of a process previously inactive

72
Q

Tonometer

Tonometry

ton/o- pressure, tension

  • meter measure, instrument to measure
  • metry process of measureing
A

instrument for determining intraocular pressure

The measurement of intraocular pressure

73
Q

Trabeculectomy

trabecul- eyes fluid drainage system
-ectomy excision

A

Surgical creation of passage in sclera to allow fluid to drain out the eye

74
Q

Trabeculoplasty

trabecul/o- eyes fluid drainage system

A

Laser repair of eyes fluid drainage system

75
Q

Atropine

A

Pharmacologic agent used to dilate pupils

76
Q

Inhibitor

in- in

  • hibit- keep back
  • or one who does
A

An agent that restrains or retards physiologic, chemical, or enzymatic action

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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