Urinary System

Question 1

Which organ of the urinary system does the most of the work to form urine?

Answer 1

The kidneys

Question 2

Where in the kidney are the renal pyramids located?

Answer 2

In the renal medulla

Question 3

How much blood enters the renal arteries each minute?

Answer 3

About 1200ml of blood

Question 4

A water molecule has just entered the proximal convoluted tubule of a nephron. Which parts of the nephron will it travel through in order to reach the renal pelvis in a drop of urine?

Answer 4

The proximal convoluted tubule –> descending limb of the nephron loop –> ascending limb of the nephron loop –> distal convoluted tubule –> collecting duct –> papillary duct –> minor calyx –> renal pelvis

Question 5

When the renal tubules secrete the drug penicillin, is the drug being added to or removed from the blood?

Answer 5

Secreted penicillin is being removed from the blood.

Question 6

Which cells make up the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle?

Answer 6

Podocytes and the glomerular endothelium make up the filtration membrane.

Question 7

In which segments of the nephron and collecting ducts does secretion occur?

Answer 7

In the proximal convoluted tubule, the nephron loop, the late distal convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct.

Question 8

Would blood ADH level be higher or lower than normal in a person who has just completed a 5 km run without drinking water?

Answer 8

The blood level of ADH would be higher due to loss of water in sweat.

Question 9

What is a lack of voluntary control over micturition called?

Answer 9

Incontinence

Question 10

Name 3 basic functions involved in urine formation.

Answer 10

Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Question 11

Into which structure does the glomerular capsule open?

Answer 11

The proximal convoluted tubule

Question 12

The force driving filtration at the glomerulus is ___.

Answer 12

The blood pressure in the glomerulus

Question 13

What is ANP and what is its function?

Answer 13

ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) is a hormone that lowers blood pressure

Question 14

Where are sodium ions reabsorbed?

Answer 14

In all parts of the renal tubule

Question 15

Name 2 ions that are removed from the body by tubular secretion.

Answer 15

Potassium ions and hydrogen ions

Question 16

Where do the ureters enter the bladder?

Answer 16

From the posterior aspect into the ureteral openings into the bladder

Question 17

The internal structure of the kidney has a centrally located area that resembles pyramids which is called the __ __.

Answer 17

Renal medulla

Question 18

The nephron is considered to be the:

Answer 18

Functional unit of the kidneys

Question 19

What structure is NOT a part of the renal tubules?

Answer 19

Glomerulus

Question 20

ADH effects:

Answer 20

Conservation of water and of sodium ions

Question 21

Urine passes through the following structures:

Answer 21

Pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

Question 22

The normal glomerular filtration rate in females is approximately:

Answer 22

105ml/min

Question 23

The lowest blood concentration of nitrogenous waste occurs in the:

Answer 23

Renal vein

Question 24

The glomerular capillaries differ from other capillary networks in the body because they:

Answer 24

Are derived from and drain into arterioles

Question 25

Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the:

Answer 25

Collecting ducts

Question 26

Which is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule cells?

Answer 26

Sodium, potassium, amino acids

Question 27

Glucose is not normally found in the urine because:

Answer 27

It is reabsorbed by the tubule cells

Question 28

Filtration at the glomerulus is inversely related to:

Answer 28

Capsular hydrostatic pressure

Question 29

Tubular reabsorption:

Answer 29

Of glucose and many other substances is a time limited active transport process

Question 30

If a freshly voided urine sample contains excessive amounts of urochrome, it has:

Answer 30

A dark yellow colour

Question 31

Conditions such as diabetes mellitus and starvation are closely linked to:

Answer 31

Ketonuria

Question 32

This hormone is secreted in response to an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality.

Answer 32

ADH