Urinary System Flashcards
Which organ of the urinary system does the most of the work to form urine?
The kidneys
Where in the kidney are the renal pyramids located?
In the renal medulla
How much blood enters the renal arteries each minute?
About 1200ml of blood
A water molecule has just entered the proximal convoluted tubule of a nephron. Which parts of the nephron will it travel through in order to reach the renal pelvis in a drop of urine?
The proximal convoluted tubule –> descending limb of the nephron loop –> ascending limb of the nephron loop –> distal convoluted tubule –> collecting duct –> papillary duct –> minor calyx –> renal pelvis
When the renal tubules secrete the drug penicillin, is the drug being added to or removed from the blood?
Secreted penicillin is being removed from the blood.
Which cells make up the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle?
Podocytes and the glomerular endothelium make up the filtration membrane.
In which segments of the nephron and collecting ducts does secretion occur?
In the proximal convoluted tubule, the nephron loop, the late distal convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct.
Would blood ADH level be higher or lower than normal in a person who has just completed a 5 km run without drinking water?
The blood level of ADH would be higher due to loss of water in sweat.
What is a lack of voluntary control over micturition called?
Incontinence
Name 3 basic functions involved in urine formation.
Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Into which structure does the glomerular capsule open?
The proximal convoluted tubule
The force driving filtration at the glomerulus is ___.
The blood pressure in the glomerulus
What is ANP and what is its function?
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) is a hormone that lowers blood pressure
Where are sodium ions reabsorbed?
In all parts of the renal tubule
Name 2 ions that are removed from the body by tubular secretion.
Potassium ions and hydrogen ions
Where do the ureters enter the bladder?
From the posterior aspect into the ureteral openings into the bladder
The internal structure of the kidney has a centrally located area that resembles pyramids which is called the __ __.
Renal medulla
The nephron is considered to be the:
Functional unit of the kidneys
What structure is NOT a part of the renal tubules?
Glomerulus
ADH effects:
Conservation of water and of sodium ions
Urine passes through the following structures:
Pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra
The normal glomerular filtration rate in females is approximately:
105ml/min
The lowest blood concentration of nitrogenous waste occurs in the:
Renal vein
The glomerular capillaries differ from other capillary networks in the body because they:
Are derived from and drain into arterioles
Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the:
Collecting ducts
Which is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule cells?
Sodium, potassium, amino acids
Glucose is not normally found in the urine because:
It is reabsorbed by the tubule cells
Filtration at the glomerulus is inversely related to:
Capsular hydrostatic pressure
Tubular reabsorption:
Of glucose and many other substances is a time limited active transport process
If a freshly voided urine sample contains excessive amounts of urochrome, it has:
A dark yellow colour
Conditions such as diabetes mellitus and starvation are closely linked to:
Ketonuria
This hormone is secreted in response to an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality.
ADH
