Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid Base Balance Flashcards
What is body fluid?
Refers to body water and it’s dissolved substances.
How would a diuretic drug affect a person’s water balance?
Increases urine flow rate, which increases loss of fluid from the body and decreasing the volume of body fluids.
How does excessive aldosterone secretion cause edema?
Promotes high renal reabsorption of NaCl and water, which expands blood volume and increases blood pressure. Increased BP causes more fluid to filter out of capillaries and accumulate in interstitial fluid - edema.
What is the major cation in ECF?
Na+ (sodium)
If you hold your breath for 30 seconds what is likely to happen to your blood pH?
Cause blood pH to decrease slightly as CO2 and H+ accumulate.
Define the term extracellular fluid and identify the types.
ECF is all the fluids of the body that are outside of the cells.
Interstitial fluid, plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluids, etc.
Identify the sources of water required by the human body and the approx amount taken from each source.
Metabolic water 200ml
Ingested food 700ml
Ingested liquids 1600ml
List the functions served by electrolytes.
Control the osmotic movement of water and help maintain the acid-base balance
Which is the most common cation in extracellular fluids?
Sodium
Which is the most common anion in extracellular fluids?
Chloride
Which is the most common cation in intracellular fluids?
Potassium
Define the term buffer systems.
A combination of chemicals, often a weak acid and the salt of the acid that acts as a weak base, which tends to resist changes in the pH of a solution.
List the 3 common buffer systems found in the body.
Protein
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate
Phosphate
Explain how amino acids can act as buffers.
The proteins have many carboxyl and amino groups that can act as acids or bases.
Explain the effect that an increased breathing rate would have on the pH of the blood.
More carbon dioxide is expelled which would cause a loss of acid making the blood more basic.
Define the term acidosis.
Acidosis is a condition in which the blood pH is below 7.35.
About 80% of extracellular fluid is__.
Interstitial fluid
The primary method of water movement in and out of body compartments is:
Osmosis
Name some things that occur during dehydration.
Decreases saliva production
increases blood osmotic pressure
Decreases blood volume and thus blood pressure
Normally, fluid loss is adjusted by:
ADH
ANP
Aldosterone
The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid is that plasma contains more __.
Protein anions
The regulation of Cl- seems to be passively controlled by __
Na+
The electrolyte that is important in establishing the resting membrane potentials in nervous and muscle tissue is __.
K+
Regarding calcitrol, what are some true factors?
It is a form of vitamin A
It contributes to the development of ulcers
The most abundant buffer in the body cells and plasma is the __ __ __.
Protein buffer system
Which substance is an effective buffer in RBCs?
Hemoglobin
The physiological response to an acid-base imbalance is termed __.
Compensation
Body water content is greatest in:
Infants
Potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions are the predominant electrolytes in:
Intracellular fluid
Sodium balance is regulated primarily by control of amount(s) :
Excreted in urine
Water balance is regulated by control of amount(s):
Ingested and excreted in urine
Two main substances regulated by the influence of aldosterone on the kidney tubules are:
Potassium and sodium
Two substances regulated by parathyroid hormone are:
Calcium and phosphate
Two substances secreted into the proximal convoluted tubules in exchange for sodium ions are:
Ammonium ions and hydrogen ions
What substance is part of an important chemical buffer system in plasma?
Bicarbonate
Two ions produced during catabolism of glutamine are:
Ammonium ions and bicarbonate
What substance is regulated by ADHs effects on the renal tubules?
Water
Which factors enhances ADH release?
Decrease in ECF volume and increases in ECF osmolality
The pH of blood varies directly with:
HCO3-
In an individual with metabolic acidosis, a clue that the respiratory system is compensating is provided by:
Rapid deep breathing
