Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid Base Balance

Question 1

What is body fluid?

Answer 1

Refers to body water and it’s dissolved substances.

Question 2

How would a diuretic drug affect a person’s water balance?

Answer 2

Increases urine flow rate, which increases loss of fluid from the body and decreasing the volume of body fluids.

Question 3

How does excessive aldosterone secretion cause edema?

Answer 3

Promotes high renal reabsorption of NaCl and water, which expands blood volume and increases blood pressure. Increased BP causes more fluid to filter out of capillaries and accumulate in interstitial fluid - edema.

Question 4

What is the major cation in ECF?

Answer 4

Na+ (sodium)

Question 5

If you hold your breath for 30 seconds what is likely to happen to your blood pH?

Answer 5

Cause blood pH to decrease slightly as CO2 and H+ accumulate.

Question 6

Define the term extracellular fluid and identify the types.

Answer 6

ECF is all the fluids of the body that are outside of the cells.
Interstitial fluid, plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluids, etc.

Question 7

Identify the sources of water required by the human body and the approx amount taken from each source.

Answer 7

Metabolic water 200ml
Ingested food 700ml
Ingested liquids 1600ml

Question 8

List the functions served by electrolytes.

Answer 8

Control the osmotic movement of water and help maintain the acid-base balance

Question 9

Which is the most common cation in extracellular fluids?

Answer 9

Sodium

Question 10

Which is the most common anion in extracellular fluids?

Answer 10

Chloride

Question 11

Which is the most common cation in intracellular fluids?

Answer 11

Potassium

Question 12

Define the term buffer systems.

Answer 12

A combination of chemicals, often a weak acid and the salt of the acid that acts as a weak base, which tends to resist changes in the pH of a solution.

Question 13

List the 3 common buffer systems found in the body.

Answer 13

Protein
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate
Phosphate

Question 14

Explain how amino acids can act as buffers.

Answer 14

The proteins have many carboxyl and amino groups that can act as acids or bases.

Question 15

Explain the effect that an increased breathing rate would have on the pH of the blood.

Answer 15

More carbon dioxide is expelled which would cause a loss of acid making the blood more basic.

Question 16

Define the term acidosis.

Answer 16

Acidosis is a condition in which the blood pH is below 7.35.

Question 17

About 80% of extracellular fluid is__.

Answer 17

Interstitial fluid

Question 18

The primary method of water movement in and out of body compartments is:

Answer 18

Osmosis

Question 19

Name some things that occur during dehydration.

Answer 19

Decreases saliva production
increases blood osmotic pressure
Decreases blood volume and thus blood pressure

Question 20

Normally, fluid loss is adjusted by:

Answer 20

ADH
ANP
Aldosterone

Question 21

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid is that plasma contains more __.

Answer 21

Protein anions

Question 22

The regulation of Cl- seems to be passively controlled by __

Answer 22

Na+

Question 23

The electrolyte that is important in establishing the resting membrane potentials in nervous and muscle tissue is __.

Answer 23

K+

Question 24

Regarding calcitrol, what are some true factors?

Answer 24

It is a form of vitamin A

It contributes to the development of ulcers

Question 25

The most abundant buffer in the body cells and plasma is the __ __ __.

Answer 25

Protein buffer system

Question 26

Which substance is an effective buffer in RBCs?

Answer 26

Hemoglobin

Question 27

The physiological response to an acid-base imbalance is termed __.

Answer 27

Compensation

Question 28

Body water content is greatest in:

Answer 28

Infants

Question 29

Potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions are the predominant electrolytes in:

Answer 29

Intracellular fluid

Question 30

Sodium balance is regulated primarily by control of amount(s) :

Answer 30

Excreted in urine

Question 31

Water balance is regulated by control of amount(s):

Answer 31

Ingested and excreted in urine

Question 32

Two main substances regulated by the influence of aldosterone on the kidney tubules are:

Answer 32

Potassium and sodium

Question 33

Two substances regulated by parathyroid hormone are:

Answer 33

Calcium and phosphate

Question 34

Two substances secreted into the proximal convoluted tubules in exchange for sodium ions are:

Answer 34

Ammonium ions and hydrogen ions

Question 35

What substance is part of an important chemical buffer system in plasma?

Answer 35

Bicarbonate

Question 36

Two ions produced during catabolism of glutamine are:

Answer 36

Ammonium ions and bicarbonate

Question 37

What substance is regulated by ADHs effects on the renal tubules?

Answer 37

Water

Question 38

Which factors enhances ADH release?

Answer 38

Decrease in ECF volume and increases in ECF osmolality

Question 39

The pH of blood varies directly with:

Answer 39

HCO3-

Question 40

In an individual with metabolic acidosis, a clue that the respiratory system is compensating is provided by:

Answer 40

Rapid deep breathing