Metabolism & Nutrition

Question 1

In a pancreatic cell that produces digestive enzymes, does anabolism or catabolism predominate?

Answer 1

Anabolism

Question 2

How many molecules of ATP are produced during the complete catabolism of one molecule of glucose?

Answer 2

It yields 30 or 32 ATPs.

Question 3

Which body cells can synthesize glucose from amino acids?

Answer 3

Liver cells can carry out gluconeogenesis.

Question 4

Which cells form keystone bodies?

Answer 4

Liver cells

Question 5

What factors can increase metabolic rate and thus increase heat production?

Answer 5

Exercise, the sympathetic nervous system, hormones, elevated body temperature, and ingestion of food.

Question 6

__ are chemicals in food from which energy is extracted

Answer 6

Nutrients

Question 7

The 6 nutrients are:

Answer 7

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, minerals, and vitamins.

Question 8

__ is the sum of all chemical reactions.

Answer 8

Metabolism

Question 9

__ is the assembly of complex molecules from simpler ones.

Answer 9

Anabolism

Question 10

__ is the breakdown of complex molecules.

Answer 10

Catabolism

Question 11

The liver and skeletal muscles can store excess glucose as glycogen, a process called __.

Answer 11

Glycogenesis

Question 12

If glycogen storage areas are filled up, liver cells and fat cells convert glucose to glycerol and fatty acids that can be used to synthesize triglycerides during the process of __.

Answer 12

Lipogenesis

Question 13

__ is trapped in a cell when it becomes phosphorylated.

Answer 13

Glucose

Question 14

Glucose oxidation also is called __ __.

Answer 14

Cellular respiration

Question 15

The 4 stages of oxidation of glucose to CO2 to H2O are:

Answer 15

Glycolysis
Formation of acetyl coenzyme A
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain

Question 16

__ refers to the breakdown of glycogen, a long branched chain of glucose molecules.

Answer 16

Glycogenolysis

Question 17

__ refers to the breakdown of the 6 carbon molecule glucose into two 3-carbon molecules of the pyruvic acid.

Answer 17

Glycolysis

Question 18

The Krebs cycle is also called the:

Answer 18

Citric acid cycle
Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle

Question 19

The __ __ is a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the matrix of mitochondria.

Answer 19

Krebs cycle

Question 20

The conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage in the liver and skeletal muscles is called __.

Answer 20

Glycogenesis

Question 21

The conversion of glycogen back to glucose is called __.

Answer 21

Glycogenolysis

Question 22

__ is the conversion of protein or fat molecules into glucose.

Answer 22

Gluconeogenesis

Question 23

Triglycerides stored in fat deposits, are split into fatty and glycerol, a process called __.

Answer 23

Lipolysis

Question 24

The conversion of glucose or amino acids into lipids is called __.

Answer 24

Lipogenesis

Question 25

The 4 classes of lipoproteins are:

Answer 25

Chylomicrons
Very low-density lipoproteins VLDLs
Low-density lipoproteins LDLs
High-density lipoproteins HDLs

Question 26

Body cells can synthesize the nonessential amino acids by a process called __.

Answer 26

Transamination