Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANHB1102 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

How is water gained in the body?

A
  • food
  • drink
  • metabolic water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is water lost?

A
  • urination
  • defacation
  • evaporation (breath and sweat)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function: kidneys

A

Produce urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function: ureters

A

Transport urine to bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function: bladder

A

Stores urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function: urethra

A

Passes urine to the outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function: renal cortex

A

Filters the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function: renal medulla

A

Concentrates the filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does urine enter the bladder from?

A

From below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does urine get transported from kidneys to bladder?

A

Urine from renal pelvis stretches ureters

Peristalsis wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Involuntary control of urination

A
  • stretch receptors in bladder wall activated
  • signals travel to sacral spinal cord
  • motor nerves cause contraction of bladder and relaxation of internal sphincter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the parts of the nephron?

A 
Renal corpuscle (glomerulus and bowmans capsule)
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Flow of filtrate

A

Nephron - papillary duct - minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is glomerular filtration?

A

Creates a plasma like filtrate of the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is tubular reabsorption?

A

Removes useful solutes from the filtrate and returns them to the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is tubular secretion?

A

Removes additional wastes from the blood and adds them to the filtrate

17
Q

What is water conservation?

A

Removes water from the urine and returns it to the blood, concentrates filtrate

18
Q

Why does the afferent arteriose have a larger diameter than the efferent arteriole?

A

Generates a large hydrostatic pressure forcing solutes out of the blood and into the filtrate

19
Q

What three layers must something entering the filtrate pass through?

A
  • endothelium of glomerular capillaries (filtration pores)
  • basement membrane
  • filtration slits between the podocyte cell extensions
20
Q

Bowmans capsule structure

A
  • parietal layer: simple squamous epithelium
  • visceral layer: podocytes which wrap around the capillaries
  • capsular space: between two layers, filtrate collects here
21
Q

What does not pass through the filter?

A
  • blood cells
  • plasma proteins
  • large anions
22
Q

What is proteinuria?

A

Protein in urine

23
Q

What is hematuria?

A

Blood in urine

24
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule structure and function

A
  • simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli

- absorption

25
Q

Thin loop of henle structure and function

A
  • simple squamous epithelium

- very permeable to water so water moves out

26
Q

Thick loop of henle structure and function

A
  • simple cuboidal epithelium with many mitochondria

- active transport of salts out of filtrate

27
Q

Distal convoluted tubule epithelium

A

Simple cuboidal with no microvilli

28
Q

Transport maximum

A

Renal threshold

29
Q

What does ADH do and where does it act?

A

Increases water permeability of DCT and CD

30
Q

What is the stimulus for ADH?

A
  • increase of blood osmotic pressure

- decreases in blood volume

31
Q

What is diabetes insipidus?

A

Lack of ADH

32
Q

What is the function of the change in concentration (osmotic pressure) from cortex to medulla in humans?

A
  • concentration gradient increases from 300mOsmol/L to 1200mOsmol/L across the medulla
  • when filtrate travels through the medulla, water in the CD can be pulled out of the filtrate by the higher osmotic pressure in the sureounding interstitial fluid providing that the collecting duct is permeable to water
33
Q

What does the anatomy of the human kidney (cortical length vs medullary length) tell you about the type of environment that humans evolved in?

A
  • Human have a quite deep medulla
  • humans can concentrate their urine
  • humans can to some extent deal with fairly dry environments, but are not as well adapted as desert mammals
  • fossils have been found near lakes (access to water) but humans would have had to move away from water source to hunt and collect food
34
Q

How does ADH reduce the volume of urine?

A
  • increases permeability of DCT and CD to water
  • water is able to move along its concentration gradient out of the nephron
  • this concentrates urine, and hence decreases volume
35
Q

How does alcohol increase the volume of urine?

A
  • drop in ADH decreases permeability of CD and DCT to water
  • more water is retained in the filtrate
  • increases volume of urine

ANHB1102 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions