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ANHB1102 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum function

A

..

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2
Q

Cerebrum function

A

…

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3
Q

What are the three properties of a neuron?

A
  • excitability
  • conductivity
  • secretion
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4
Q

What type of neurons are sensory neurons?

A

Unipolar

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5
Q

What type of neurons are motor neurons?

A

Multipolar

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6
Q

Where does the visceral sensory division send signals from?

A

Viscera od the thoracic and abdominal cavities

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7
Q

Where does information from the somatic sensory division come from?

A

Skin, muscles, bones and joints

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8
Q

What do Astrocytes do?

A

Forms a supportive framework between neurons and blood vessels

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9
Q

What do oligosendrocytes do?

A

Produces myelin sheath in the CNS

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10
Q

What do ependymal cells do?

A

Line central cavities of the brain and spinal cord, produce CSF

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11
Q

What do Schwann cells do?

A

Form myelin sheath in the PNS

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12
Q

What do Satellite cells do?

A

Provide support and nutrition to cell bodies in ganglia

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13
Q

What tissue is nervous tissue formed from?

A

Ectoderm

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14
Q

What does the hollow part of the neural tube become?

A

Central canal and ventricles of brain

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15
Q

When does neuralation begin?

A

Day 19

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16
Q

What forms from neural crest cells?

A

PNS

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17
Q

Frontal lobe

A
  • abstract thoughts
  • ## mood and motivation
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18
Q

Parietal lobe

A
  • taste
  • somatic sensation
  • sensory integration
  • language processing
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19
Q

Occipital lobe

A
  • visual awareness

- visual processing

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20
Q

Temporal lobe

A
  • hearing
  • smell
  • learning
  • emotion
21
Q

Thalamus function

A

Processes input prior to regulating to cerebrum

22
Q

Hypothalamus function

A
  • controls centre for endocrine and ANS
  • thermoregulation
  • food and water intake
23
Q

Cerebellum function

A
  • posture
    -locomotion
  • ## fine motor control
24
Q

Medulla function

A
  • cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centres
25
Q

Where do cranial nerves 1 and 2 arise from?

A

Cerebrum

26
Q

Where do nerves 3-12 arise from?

A

Brain stem

27
Q

What are the divisions of the spinal cord?

A
  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • lumbar
  • sacral
  • coccygeal
28
Q

Number of spinal nerves in each region

A 
8
12
5
5
1
29
Q

Where is CSF found in the brain?

A

Sub arachnoid space + ependymal cells

30
Q

Somatosensory primary and association areas

A
  • primary: parietal lobe

- Association: immediately dorsal

31
Q

How is sensation detected?

A
  • modality
  • intensity
  • duration
  • location
32
Q

What two neurons are involved in motor contraction?

A

Upper motor neuron

Lower motor neuron

33
Q

What is the parasympathetic neurotransmitter?

A
  • acetylcholine - adrenergic receptors
34
Q

What are the sympathetic neurotransmitters?

A
  • adrenaline and noradrenaline
35
Q

What are the receptors for adrenaline and noradrenaline?

A

Muscarinic (excitatory or inhibitory)

Nicotinic (excitatory)

36
Q

What is a tract?

A

A bundle of axons in the CNS

37
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A bundle of axons in the PNS

38
Q

What are the layers of meninges?

A
  • dura
  • arachnoid
  • Pia
39
Q

What are the 3 functions of cerebrospinal fluid?

A
  • buoyancy and cushioning: the brain is so heavy that if it was not suspended in CSF the pressure of its weight against the bones of the skull would destroy nervous tissue
  • protection: helps to prevent the brain from striking the cranium when the head is jolted
  • chemical stability: has a circulatory function for removal of wastes and regulation of chemical environment
40
Q

Explain how hydrocephalus can occur and why it’s presentation can manifest differently in infants and adults.

A
  • CSF is constantly produced
  • if it’s circulation or drainage is blocked the resulting build up of pressure causes abnormal growth in infants whose skull bones have not fused yet
  • in adults pressure is put on the brain and it’s blood vessels, causing headaches, come and death if not treated
  • treatment involves putting a shunt from the ventricles to a vein in the neck
41
Q

How does the diameter of the fibre affect the speed of transmission?

A
  • signal conduction occurs along the surface of the fibre

- large fibres have a larger surface area that small fibres, therefore signals travel faster along large fibres

42
Q

Speed of signals in myelinated fibres

A

Up to 120m/sec

43
Q

Speed of transmission in unmyelinated fibres

A

Up to 2m/sec

44
Q

How many neurons are in the sensory pathway?

A

3

45
Q

Which region is associated with the patella reflex?

A

Lumbar

46
Q

Sensory pathway

A

1st order neuron cell body: dorsal root ganglion
2nd order neuron cell body: medulla
3rd order cell body: thalamus

47
Q

Where does the sensory pathway decussate? Which neuron is it?

A
  • medulla

- 2nd order neuron

48
Q

Motor pathway

A

Upper motor neuron cell body: pre central gurus of frontal lobe
Lower motor neuron cell body: ventral horn of spinal cord

49
Q

Where does the motor pathway decussate? Which neuron?

A
  • medulla

- upper motor neuron

ANHB1102 (11 decks)

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