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Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Name three muscles of the posterior abdominal wall.

A

Psoas major
Iliacus
Quadratus lumborum

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2
Q

What is function of the psoas major?

A

Flexes thigh or trunk

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3
Q

What is the function of the iliacus?

A

Flexes thigh and stabilizes the hip

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4
Q

What is the function of the quadratus lumborum?

A

Extends and laterally flexes the trunk

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5
Q

Which two muscles create the iliopsoas?

A

Psoas major and iliacus

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6
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

Posterior to the Psoas major

Anterior rami L1-L4

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7
Q

What are the nerves of the posterior abdominal wall?

A 
Obturator nerve (L2-L4): adductor muscles of the thigh
Femoral nerve (L2-L4): lilacus, flexors of the hip, extensors of the knee
Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric (L1): abdominal muscles and skin of the pubic inguinal region
Genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2): sensory to skin of the pubic region, motot to the cremaster muscle
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8
Q

Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastic nerve

A

abdominal muscles and skin of pubic/inguinal region

L1

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9
Q

genitofemoral nerve

A

sensory to skin of pubic region and motor to cremaster muscle
L1/L2

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10
Q

femoral nerve

A

ilacus, flexors of the hip, extensors the knee

L2-L4

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11
Q

obturator nerve

A

adductor muscles of the thigh

L2-L4

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12
Q

lumbosacral trunk

A

sacral plexus

L4-L5

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13
Q

lumbar plexus

A

posterior to the psoas major

(anterior rami L1-L4

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14
Q

Abdominal aorta

A

T12-L4

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15
Q

Which branches of the abdominal aorta are unpaired?

A

celiac trunk (T12)
superior mesenteric artery (L1)
inferior mesenteric artery (L3)

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16
Q

Which branches of the abdominal aorta are paired?

A 
suprarenal aa (L1)
renal aa (L1)
gonadal aa (ovarian or testicular aa) L2
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17
Q

What are the terminal branches of the aorta?

A

common iliac aa (R/L)

internal and external iliac aa

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18
Q

What are the branches of the inferior vena cava?

A 
renal vv (r/l)
common iliac vv (r/l)
right gonadal v. (either ovarian or testicular)
left gonadal v. (either ovarian or testicular)
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19
Q

All branches of the inferior vena cava drain where? Which is the exception and where does it drain to?

A

All branches of the inferior vena cava drain into the inferior vena cava EXCEPT the left gonadal vein which drains into the left renal vein

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20
Q

Where does the left gonadal vein drain to?

A

drains into the left renal vein

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21
Q

Explain the lymphatics of the posterior abdominal wall.

A

All lymph nodes drain into the external and internal iliac which drains into the common iliac which drains into the lumbar nodes

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22
Q

The urinary system is composed of?

A

kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra

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23
Q

What is the location of the kidneys?

A

retroperitoneal

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24
Q

What is the function of the kidneys?

A

remove excess water, salts, and waste of protein metabolism from the blood

Waste becomes urine

25
Q

What are the three layers of the kidney?

A

paraphrenic fat
renal fascia
periphrenic fat

26
Q

paraphrenic fat

A

superficial to renal fascia, most external

27
Q

renal fascia

A

Gerota’s fascia

28
Q

periphrenic fat

A

deep to renal fascia

29
Q

Renal hilum (anterior to posterior)

A

renal vein
renal artery
renal pelvis

30
Q

Internal structure of the kidney (superficial to deep)

A

Fibrous capsule
Cortex
Medulla

31
Q

Pathway of urine to ureter

A 
Renal pyramids
Renal papillae
Renal calices (Minor calyx, Major calyx)
Renal pelvis
Ureter (retroperitoneal)
32
Q

Ureters

A

Muscular tubes
Retroperitoneal
Peristalsis

33
Q

Where do ureters constrict?

A
  1. uteropelvic junction (between ureters and renal pelves)
  2. Crossing pelvic brim
  3. Entering bladder wall
34
Q

Why are the ureter constriction sites important?

A

They are sites of obstruction via ureteric stones

35
Q

Name the types of stones that can cause an obstruction.

A

calyceal stone
renal pelvic stone
upper ureteral stone

36
Q

What is the location of the the suprarenal glands in relation to the kidney?

A

superomedial to the kidney

37
Q

What surrounds the suprarenal glands?

A

connective tissue and periephric fat

38
Q

What separates the kidneys from the suprarenal glands?

A

Separated from kidneys by fibrous capsule

39
Q

What are the components of the suprarenal glands?

A

internal cortex and medulla

40
Q

Internal cortex

A

Secretes corticosteroids and androgens

41
Q

Medulla

A

secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenalin)

42
Q

What is the difference between the left and right suprarenal glands?

A

the right is pyramid shaped and the left is crescent shaped

43
Q

What is the blood supply of the suprarenal glands?

A

suprarenal arteries

superior, middle, and inferior

44
Q

At what vertebral level is the renal aa?

A

L1

45
Q

Which renal artery is longer?

A

Right renal artery is longer

posterior to the inferior vena cava

46
Q

Where does the renal aa divide?

A

Divides close to the hilum into segmental arteries

47
Q

Which renal vein is shorter?

A

The right venal vein is shorter

48
Q

Which nerve innervates the kidney?

A

Thoracic splanchnic nn (like foregut and midgut)

49
Q

Describe the ascent of the kidneys

A

Kidneys develop in the pelvis and ascend to final position

50
Q

Anatomical variants of kidneys

A

Accessory renal arteries
Horshoe kidneys
Pelvic kidneys

51
Q

What is urinary bladder attached to?

A

Attached to the anterior abdominal wall via median umbilical ligament

52
Q

Where is the urinary bladder?

A

within the pelvic cavity in adults

in abdomen in children

53
Q

Where does the bladder extend to?

A

a full bladder extends superiorly into the extraperitoneal space

54
Q

What is the blood supply of the urinary bladder?

A

branches of the internal iliac aa and vv

55
Q

branches of the internal iliac aa and vv

A

superior vesical aa
superior vesical vv

Males: inferior vesical aa
Males: inferior vesical vv

Females: vaginal aa
Females: vaginal vv

56
Q

Urinary bladder innervation (voluntary)

A

external urethral sphincter –> pudenal nerve S2-S4

57
Q

Urinary bladder innervation (involuntary: sympathetic)

A

pelvic plexus —> close internal urethral sphincter

58
Q

Urinary bladder innervation (involuntary: parasympathetic)

A

pelvic splanchnic nerve and inferior hypogastric plexus

detrusor muscle contracts and internal urethral sphincter opens

Anatomy (11 decks)

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