Urinary System Flashcards
Name three muscles of the posterior abdominal wall.
Psoas major
Iliacus
Quadratus lumborum
What is function of the psoas major?
Flexes thigh or trunk
What is the function of the iliacus?
Flexes thigh and stabilizes the hip
What is the function of the quadratus lumborum?
Extends and laterally flexes the trunk
Which two muscles create the iliopsoas?
Psoas major and iliacus
Lumbar plexus
Posterior to the Psoas major
Anterior rami L1-L4
What are the nerves of the posterior abdominal wall?
Obturator nerve (L2-L4): adductor muscles of the thigh Femoral nerve (L2-L4): lilacus, flexors of the hip, extensors of the knee Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric (L1): abdominal muscles and skin of the pubic inguinal region Genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2): sensory to skin of the pubic region, motot to the cremaster muscle
Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastic nerve
abdominal muscles and skin of pubic/inguinal region
L1
genitofemoral nerve
sensory to skin of pubic region and motor to cremaster muscle
L1/L2
femoral nerve
ilacus, flexors of the hip, extensors the knee
L2-L4
obturator nerve
adductor muscles of the thigh
L2-L4
lumbosacral trunk
sacral plexus
L4-L5
lumbar plexus
posterior to the psoas major
(anterior rami L1-L4
Abdominal aorta
T12-L4
Which branches of the abdominal aorta are unpaired?
celiac trunk (T12)
superior mesenteric artery (L1)
inferior mesenteric artery (L3)
Which branches of the abdominal aorta are paired?
suprarenal aa (L1) renal aa (L1) gonadal aa (ovarian or testicular aa) L2
What are the terminal branches of the aorta?
common iliac aa (R/L)
internal and external iliac aa
What are the branches of the inferior vena cava?
renal vv (r/l) common iliac vv (r/l) right gonadal v. (either ovarian or testicular) left gonadal v. (either ovarian or testicular)
All branches of the inferior vena cava drain where? Which is the exception and where does it drain to?
All branches of the inferior vena cava drain into the inferior vena cava EXCEPT the left gonadal vein which drains into the left renal vein
Where does the left gonadal vein drain to?
drains into the left renal vein
Explain the lymphatics of the posterior abdominal wall.
All lymph nodes drain into the external and internal iliac which drains into the common iliac which drains into the lumbar nodes
The urinary system is composed of?
kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra
What is the location of the kidneys?
retroperitoneal
What is the function of the kidneys?
remove excess water, salts, and waste of protein metabolism from the blood
Waste becomes urine
What are the three layers of the kidney?
paraphrenic fat
renal fascia
periphrenic fat
paraphrenic fat
superficial to renal fascia, most external
renal fascia
Gerota’s fascia
periphrenic fat
deep to renal fascia
Renal hilum (anterior to posterior)
renal vein
renal artery
renal pelvis
Internal structure of the kidney (superficial to deep)
Fibrous capsule
Cortex
Medulla
Pathway of urine to ureter
Renal pyramids Renal papillae Renal calices (Minor calyx, Major calyx) Renal pelvis Ureter (retroperitoneal)
Ureters
Muscular tubes
Retroperitoneal
Peristalsis
Where do ureters constrict?
- uteropelvic junction (between ureters and renal pelves)
- Crossing pelvic brim
- Entering bladder wall
Why are the ureter constriction sites important?
They are sites of obstruction via ureteric stones
Name the types of stones that can cause an obstruction.
calyceal stone
renal pelvic stone
upper ureteral stone
What is the location of the the suprarenal glands in relation to the kidney?
superomedial to the kidney
What surrounds the suprarenal glands?
connective tissue and periephric fat
What separates the kidneys from the suprarenal glands?
Separated from kidneys by fibrous capsule
What are the components of the suprarenal glands?
internal cortex and medulla
Internal cortex
Secretes corticosteroids and androgens
Medulla
secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenalin)
What is the difference between the left and right suprarenal glands?
the right is pyramid shaped and the left is crescent shaped
What is the blood supply of the suprarenal glands?
suprarenal arteries
superior, middle, and inferior
At what vertebral level is the renal aa?
L1
Which renal artery is longer?
Right renal artery is longer
posterior to the inferior vena cava
Where does the renal aa divide?
Divides close to the hilum into segmental arteries
Which renal vein is shorter?
The right venal vein is shorter
Which nerve innervates the kidney?
Thoracic splanchnic nn (like foregut and midgut)
Describe the ascent of the kidneys
Kidneys develop in the pelvis and ascend to final position
Anatomical variants of kidneys
Accessory renal arteries
Horshoe kidneys
Pelvic kidneys
What is urinary bladder attached to?
Attached to the anterior abdominal wall via median umbilical ligament
Where is the urinary bladder?
within the pelvic cavity in adults
in abdomen in children
Where does the bladder extend to?
a full bladder extends superiorly into the extraperitoneal space
What is the blood supply of the urinary bladder?
branches of the internal iliac aa and vv
branches of the internal iliac aa and vv
superior vesical aa
superior vesical vv
Males: inferior vesical aa
Males: inferior vesical vv
Females: vaginal aa
Females: vaginal vv
Urinary bladder innervation (voluntary)
external urethral sphincter –> pudenal nerve S2-S4
Urinary bladder innervation (involuntary: sympathetic)
pelvic plexus —> close internal urethral sphincter
Urinary bladder innervation (involuntary: parasympathetic)
pelvic splanchnic nerve and inferior hypogastric plexus
detrusor muscle contracts and internal urethral sphincter opens
