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Anatomy > Hip, Gluteal Region, and Thigh > Flashcards

Hip, Gluteal Region, and Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the lower extremity

A

weight support
locomotion
maintain balance

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2
Q

regions of the lower extremity

A 
gluteal
thigh/femoral
knee
leg
ankle 
foot
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3
Q

Movements of the lower extremity

A

flexion and extension
abduction and adduction
internal and external rotation
circumduction

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4
Q

Bones of the hip and thigh

A

ilium
ischium
pubis
acetabulum

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5
Q

Landmarks of the hip and thigh

A 
ASIS
AIIS
ischial spine
pubic tubercle
ischial tuberosity
greater sciatic notch
obturator foramen
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6
Q

Femoral landmarks

A 
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
femoral head
gluteal tuberosity
adductor tubercle
femoral condyles
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7
Q

Joints of the hip and thigh

A

sacroiliac

hip (coxal)

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8
Q

What kind of joint is the hip?

A

ball and socket synovial joint

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9
Q

How many degrees of freedom does the hip joint have?

A

six degrees of freedom

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10
Q

How is weight transmitted in the hip joint?

A

through the femoral head and neck

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11
Q

acetabular labrum

A

c-shaped cartilage and transverse acetabular ligament =encloses joint

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12
Q

Round ligament of head of femur

A

carries branch of obturator artery to femoral head

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13
Q

Ligament of the hip joint

A

iliofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament

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14
Q

iliofemoral ligament

A

prevents hyperextension

AIIS to interochanteric line

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15
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament

A

ischial part of the acetabular rim to femoral neck

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16
Q

pubofemoral ligament

A

prevents overabduction

pubic bone to joint capsule and iliofemoral ligament

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17
Q

The three hip joint ligaments spiral to do what?

A

To become taut with hip extension and keep femoral head in the acetabulum

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18
Q

What is superficial fascia?

A

subcutaneous tissue that is deep to skin –> loose connective tissue with cutaneous nerves, veins, and lymphatics

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19
Q

Deep fascia

A

also known as fascia lata

thickens to form iliotibial tract

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20
Q

What separates the compartments of the thigh?

A

inter muscular septa

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21
Q

venous drainage of the lower limb

A

superficial
medial - great saphenous vein

posterior - small saphenous vein

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22
Q

Where do the veins of the lower limb drain?

A

femoral vein

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23
Q

Anterior and medial limb dermatomes

A

L1-L5

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24
Q

Posterior limb dermatomes

A

S1 and S2

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25
Q

What is the exception for dermatome overlap?

A

Except at the axial line where adjacent dermatomes are discontinuous spinal levels

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26
Q

What are the anterior thigh muscles?

A

hip flexors and knee extensors

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27
Q

Hip flexors

A

pectineus
sartorius
iliopsoas

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28
Q

Knee extensions

A

Quadriceps femoris

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29
Q

iliopsoas

A

iliac fossa/lumbar verts –> lesser trochanter

combo of the iliacus and psoas major

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30
Q

Sartorius

A

Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates hip, flex knee (cross legged position)

ASIS –> medial tibia

31
Q

Pectineus

A

hip abduction. flexion, medial rotation

32
Q

quadriceps femoris muscles (4)

A

rectus femoris
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis

33
Q

Innervation of the quadriceps femoris

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

34
Q

Patellar tendon reflex

A

tap patellar ligament = deep tendon reflex

35
Q

Medial thigh muscles

A 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Obturator internus
Gracilis
36
Q

Innervation of the medial thigh muscles

A

obturator nerve except for adductor magnus which is also innervated by the sciatic nerve

37
Q

Adductor hiatus

A

Transmits the femoral artery and vein from the anterior to posterior knee

38
Q

Gracilis transplant

A

the gracilis is small and thin and can be removed without much notice

it is used to replace damaged muscles everywhere

39
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

superior - inguinal ligament
lateral - sartorius
medial - adductor longus

40
Q

Describe the femoral triangle lateral to medial

A

NAVL –> nerve, artery, vein, lymphatics

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, lymphatics

41
Q

Function of the femoral sheath

A

encloses artery, vein, and lymph

42
Q

Clinical important of the femoral triangle

A

femoral hernia and femoral pulse

43
Q

Femoral hernia

A

femoral ring is weak and susceptible to hernia

44
Q

Femoral pulse

A

inferior to midpoint of the inguinal ligament

45
Q

Surface anatomy of the gluteal region

A

buttocks, thigh, and hip

46
Q

Level of iliac crests

A

L4-L5

47
Q

Pelvic ligaments

A

Sacrotuberous
Sacrospinous

conversion of sciatic notches to foramina

48
Q

Gluteus maximus innervation

A

inferior gluteal nerve

49
Q

Action of gluteus maximus

A

extension of the thigh

50
Q

tensor fascia lata

A

flexes thigh

tenses IT band and supports thigh

51
Q

innervation of the tensor fascia lata

A

superior gluteal nerve

52
Q

gluteus medius and minimus

A

abduction and adduction

53
Q

innervation of the gluteus medius and minimus

A

superior gluteal nerve

54
Q

A patient has a right superior gluteal nerve injury. During standing on the right leg?

A

the pelvis will tilt towards the left; tilt to the opposite side of the weakness

55
Q

Positive Trendenlenburg Sign

A

superior gluteal nerve lesion

56
Q

Action of the deep gluteal muscle

A

lateral rotation of thigh

hip joint stabilization

57
Q

Innervation of the deep gluteal muscles

A

sacral plexus

L5-S2

58
Q

innervation of the piriformis

A

nerve to the piriformis

59
Q

obturator internus and gemelli

A

superior gemellus
obturator internus
inferior gemellus
trochanteric fossa

60
Q

What is a bursa?

A

membranous sac containing the capillary layer of synovial fluid

61
Q

function of bursa

A

reduces friction and permits free movement

62
Q

gluteal bursa

A

ischial bursa
trochanteric bursa
gluteofemoral bursa

63
Q

source of the gluteal arteries

A

internal iliac artery

64
Q

site of intramuscular injections

A

upper quadrant

65
Q

Posterior thigh muscles

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris (long head)

Short head of biceps femoris

66
Q

Function of the posterior thigh muscles

A

extend hip joint and flex knee

67
Q

innervation of the posterior thigh muscles

A

tibial branch of sciatic n.

fibular branch of sciatic n.

68
Q

describe the lumbosacral plexus

A

Ventral rami of L1-S3
lumbar plexus L1-L4
Sacral L4-S3

69
Q

What are the major branches of the lumbosacral plexus?

A

Femoral n. (L2-L4)
Obturator n. (L2-L4)
Gluteal nn. (L4-S2)
Sciatic n. (L4-S3)

70
Q

pathway of sciatic n.

A

greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis muscle through posterior compartment of thigh

71
Q

the sciatic n splits into?

A

tibial and common fibular nerves in posterior thigh

72
Q

Superficial lymph drainage

A

superficial inguinal nodes! external iliac nodes

73
Q

Deep lymph drainage

A

deep inguinal lymph nodes ! external iliac

74
Q

gluteal lymph

A

gluteal nodes ! iliac nodes ! lumbar nodes

Anatomy (11 decks)

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