Reproductive System: Pelvic Viscera Flashcards by Monet Bland

The pelvic cavity is part of what larger cavity?

The pelvic cavity is part of the abdominopelvic cavity

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Three components of the pelvic cavity

Pelvic inlet
Pelvic outlet
Perineum

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Inguinal ligament

inferior most part of the external oblique via aponeurosis

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How is the inguinal canal formed?

formed during descent of gonads during embryological development

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How does the inguinal canal pass through abdominal wall?

oblique passage through abdominal wall

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What is the function of the inguinal canal?

Site where structures exit the abdominal cavity

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What is the clinical importance of the inguinal canal?

site of hernias

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What is inside the inguinal canal?

round ligament (females)
spermatic cord (males)

and vessels and ilioinguinal nerve

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Explain the walls of the inguinal canal

Anterior = external oblique
Posterior = transversalis fascia
Roof = internal oblique/transverse abdominus
Floor = inguinal ligament

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What are the two types of hernia that can occur?

Direct (acquired) hernia

Indirect (congenital) hernia

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Direct (acquired) hernia

Goes through abdominal wall
Bulge located medially
May exit superficial inguinal ring
Rarely enters scrotum

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Indirect (congenital) hernia

Goes through inguinal canal (esp. deep inguinal ring)
Most common
Peritoneal sac may enter the scrotum

born with weakness in inguinal canal

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What sits in the pelvic cavity?

Pelvic viscera

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What are the organs of the pelvic cavity?

uterine tube
ovary
uterus 
vagina
bladder
urethra
rectum 
anal canal
anal aperture

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Peritoneum of the pelvic cavity

Continues from the abdominal cavity into pelvic cavity

Reflects (folds) onto superior parts of pelvic viscera

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What drapes over the pelvic viscera?

Parietal peritoneum

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Which pelvic organs are present in both males and females?

bladder
uterus
rectum

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Location of the bladder, uterus, and rectum

primarily retroperitoneal

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What is the rectum composed of?

sigmoid colon

anal canal

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Embryology of the rectum

hindgut

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What does the rectum lack?

teniae coli
haustra
omental appendices

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Function of the rectal ampulla

feces are stored before their release via the anal canal

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The rectum is maintained by what?

anorectal flexure maintained by the levator ani

On a rectal exam, what would you inspect on a female?

vagina

On a rectal exam, what would you inspect on a male?

prostate | seminal vesicles

Female pelvic organs

Vagina Uterus Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes) Ovaries

Where is the vagina?

Between the bladder (anterior) and the rectum (posterior)

What is typical of the bladder?

usually collapsed (anterior and posterior walls are usually in contact)

The vagina is what kind of tube?

subperitoneal | musculomembranous tube

Where is the bladder?

Between the bladder and rectum

Uterus components

``` Body Fundus Isthmus Uterine horns Cervix ```

Muscle of the uterus

myometrium | endometrium

myometrium

smooth muscle

endometrium

inner mucous | sheds monthly

Normal position of the uterus

anteverted forward/uterus and cervix in line

Other positions of the uterus

Retroflexed backward/bend in uterus relative to cervix Retroverted backward/uterus and cervix in line

The cervix is mostly what kind of tissue?

Mostly fibrous tissue

The cervix is composed of?

external os cervical canal internal os

A pap smear tests what region of the uterus?

external os of the uterus

Component of the uterine tubes

oviducts

Where do oviducts open?

into the peritoneal cavity (abdominal orifices)

Embryology of uterine tubes

intraperitoneal

Most common site of ectopic pregnancy

uterine tubes

Where are the ovaries?

suspended in the peritoneal cavity and not covered by peritoneum

What happens during ovulation?

oocyte is expelled fimbriae of uterine tube to trap it carry it to uterine tube

Ligaments of the uterus

broad ligament round ligament of uterus ovarian ligament suspensory ligament of the ovary

Broad ligament

double layer of peritoneum (mesentery) draped over the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovary)

Function of the broad ligament

tethers uterus to lateral walls and floor of pelvis

The round ligament and the ovarian ligament is the remnant of?

remnants of gubernaculum

Uterus vasculature

uterine artery and vein | from anterior division of internal iliac artery

Vagina vasculature

vaginal artery and vein | from uterine artery

Ovary and uterine tube vasculature

ovarian artery and vein | from aorta

Male internal genital organs

``` Testis Epidymsis Ductus deferens (vas deferens) Seminal glands Ejaculatory ducts Prostate Bulbourethral glands ```

Where do the testes initially develop?

testes develops initially in the posterior abdominal wall

Layers of the inguinal canal and spermatic cord

Aponeurosis of external oblique = external spermatic fascia Musculature of the internal oblique = cremaster muscle Transversalis fascia = internal spermatic fascia

Which muscle does not contribute to the inguinal canal and spermatic cord?

Transversus abdominis muscle

Contents of the spermatic cord

``` Testicular artery testicular vein Ductus deferens Nerve to cremaster Testicular nn (sympathetic) ```