Reproductive System: Pelvic Viscera Flashcards
The pelvic cavity is part of what larger cavity?
The pelvic cavity is part of the abdominopelvic cavity
Three components of the pelvic cavity
Pelvic inlet
Pelvic outlet
Perineum
Inguinal ligament
inferior most part of the external oblique via aponeurosis
How is the inguinal canal formed?
formed during descent of gonads during embryological development
How does the inguinal canal pass through abdominal wall?
oblique passage through abdominal wall
What is the function of the inguinal canal?
Site where structures exit the abdominal cavity
What is the clinical importance of the inguinal canal?
site of hernias
What is inside the inguinal canal?
round ligament (females) spermatic cord (males)
and vessels and ilioinguinal nerve
Explain the walls of the inguinal canal
Anterior = external oblique Posterior = transversalis fascia Roof = internal oblique/transverse abdominus Floor = inguinal ligament
What are the two types of hernia that can occur?
Direct (acquired) hernia
Indirect (congenital) hernia
Direct (acquired) hernia
Goes through abdominal wall
Bulge located medially
May exit superficial inguinal ring
Rarely enters scrotum
Indirect (congenital) hernia
Goes through inguinal canal (esp. deep inguinal ring)
Most common
Peritoneal sac may enter the scrotum
born with weakness in inguinal canal
What sits in the pelvic cavity?
Pelvic viscera
What are the organs of the pelvic cavity?
uterine tube ovary uterus vagina bladder urethra rectum anal canal anal aperture
Peritoneum of the pelvic cavity
Continues from the abdominal cavity into pelvic cavity
Reflects (folds) onto superior parts of pelvic viscera
What drapes over the pelvic viscera?
Parietal peritoneum
Which pelvic organs are present in both males and females?
bladder
uterus
rectum
Location of the bladder, uterus, and rectum
primarily retroperitoneal
What is the rectum composed of?
sigmoid colon
anal canal
Embryology of the rectum
hindgut
What does the rectum lack?
teniae coli
haustra
omental appendices
Function of the rectal ampulla
feces are stored before their release via the anal canal
The rectum is maintained by what?
anorectal flexure maintained by the levator ani
On a rectal exam, what would you inspect on a female?
vagina
On a rectal exam, what would you inspect on a male?
prostate
seminal vesicles
Female pelvic organs
Vagina
Uterus
Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)
Ovaries
Where is the vagina?
Between the bladder (anterior) and the rectum (posterior)
What is typical of the bladder?
usually collapsed (anterior and posterior walls are usually in contact)
The vagina is what kind of tube?
subperitoneal
musculomembranous tube
Where is the bladder?
Between the bladder and rectum
Uterus components
Body Fundus Isthmus Uterine horns Cervix
Muscle of the uterus
myometrium
endometrium
myometrium
smooth muscle
endometrium
inner mucous
sheds monthly
Normal position of the uterus
anteverted
forward/uterus and cervix in line
Other positions of the uterus
Retroflexed
backward/bend in uterus relative to cervix
Retroverted
backward/uterus and cervix in line
The cervix is mostly what kind of tissue?
Mostly fibrous tissue
The cervix is composed of?
external os
cervical canal
internal os
A pap smear tests what region of the uterus?
external os of the uterus
Component of the uterine tubes
oviducts
Where do oviducts open?
into the peritoneal cavity (abdominal orifices)
Embryology of uterine tubes
intraperitoneal
Most common site of ectopic pregnancy
uterine tubes
Where are the ovaries?
suspended in the peritoneal cavity and not covered by peritoneum
What happens during ovulation?
oocyte is expelled
fimbriae of uterine tube to trap it
carry it to uterine tube
Ligaments of the uterus
broad ligament
round ligament of uterus
ovarian ligament
suspensory ligament of the ovary
Broad ligament
double layer of peritoneum (mesentery) draped over the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovary)
Function of the broad ligament
tethers uterus to lateral walls and floor of pelvis
The round ligament and the ovarian ligament is the remnant of?
remnants of gubernaculum
Uterus vasculature
uterine artery and vein
from anterior division of internal iliac artery
Vagina vasculature
vaginal artery and vein
from uterine artery
Ovary and uterine tube vasculature
ovarian artery and vein
from aorta
Male internal genital organs
Testis Epidymsis Ductus deferens (vas deferens) Seminal glands Ejaculatory ducts Prostate Bulbourethral glands
Where do the testes initially develop?
testes develops initially in the posterior abdominal wall
Layers of the inguinal canal and spermatic cord
Aponeurosis of external oblique = external spermatic fascia
Musculature of the internal oblique = cremaster muscle
Transversalis fascia = internal spermatic fascia
Which muscle does not contribute to the inguinal canal and spermatic cord?
Transversus abdominis muscle
Contents of the spermatic cord
Testicular artery testicular vein Ductus deferens Nerve to cremaster Testicular nn (sympathetic)
