Eye

Question 1

pneumatic retinopexy

Answer 1

gas bubble pushes retina back in place, laser to seal hole

Question 2

Eyelids

Answer 2

Moveable folds covered externally by skin and internally by conjunctiva

Question 3

Optic nerve (CNII)

Answer 3

Special sensory (vision)
Right and left cross at optic chiasm and exits cranial cavity through optic canal

Question 4

Layers of the eyeball

Answer 4

Fibrous
Vascular
Inner: retina

Question 5

sympathetic innervation to the lacrimal apparatus

Answer 5

vasoconstrictive innervation from superior cervical ganglion

Question 6

Transverse movement of the eye

Answer 6

moves the eye superiorly and inferiorly

AKA elevation/depression

Question 7

bulbar

Answer 7

continuous with the palpebral conjunctiva and covers the sclera

contains blood vessels

Question 8

what is the default shape of the lens?

Answer 8

round

Question 9

Veins of orbit

Answer 9

superior and inferior ophthalmic veins -> superior orbital fissure to cavernous sinus

Question 10

levator palpebrae superioris

Answer 10

raises the upper eyelid

oculomotor n. (CN III)

Question 11

Retina layers

Answer 11

neural: light receptive, contains rods and cones

Pigmented: reduces light scatter

Question 12

innervation of the oblique muscles

Answer 12

IO - oculomotor n. (CNIII)

SO - trochlear n. (IV)

Question 13

near vision

Answer 13

parasympathetic stimulation via CN III causes:

ciliary muscle contract
relaxation of zonular fibers
lens becomes more spherical

Question 14

choroid

Answer 14

dense vascular bed

Question 15

Anteroposterior movement of the eye

Answer 15

moves the posterior pole of the eye superiorly and inferiorly

AKA intorsion/extorsion

Question 16

ciliary body

Answer 16

muscular and vascular, connects choroid to iris

Question 17

Arteries of orbit

Answer 17

Mostly from ophthalmic a.

Central retinal a. branches off ophthalmic and runs in optic n. to eyeball

Question 18

Components of the fibrous layer

Answer 18

sclera and cornea

Question 19

ocular fundus

Answer 19

posterior part of the retina where light is focused

Question 20

Vertical movement of the eye

Answer 20

moves the eye medially and laterally

aka ABduction/ADDuction

Question 21

cornea

Answer 21

clear anterior surface of the eye; continuous with the sclera

Question 22

types of accommodation

Answer 22

distant vision

near vision

Question 23

what happens to the lens with age?

Answer 23

thickness of lens increases

ability to accommodate is restricted (after age 40)

require reading glasses

Question 24

optic disc

Answer 24

where the optic nerve hits the back of the eye

Question 25

distant vision

Answer 25

absence of nerve stimulation meaning: ciliary muscle relaxed zonular fibers tense lens stretched thin

Question 26

parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal apparatus

Answer 26

secretomotor innervation from CNVII

Question 27

macula lutea

Answer 27

"yellow spot" apparent only when examined with red-free light

Question 28

conjunctival sac

Answer 28

space bounded by the palpebral and and bulbar conjunctiva

Question 29

medial rectus

Answer 29

adduction

Question 30

lacrimal gland

Answer 30

produces tears

Question 31

Pupillary light reflex

Answer 31

1. Lightstimulatesretina,CNII:Optic n. 2. AfferentsfromOpticn.pass through optic chiasm, synapse at pretectal nuclei 3. PretectalneuronssignalEdinger- Westphal nucleus 4. EWNsendsparasympathetic signals through CN III: Oculomotor n. (efferent) to sphincter pupillae m.

Question 32

Pupil dilation is under what control?

Answer 32

sympathetic control

Question 33

superior and inferior tarsi

Answer 33

dense band of connective tissue

Question 34

Palpebral

Answer 34

covers the inner surface of the eyelid

Question 35

lacrimal lake

Answer 35

pinkish yellow reservoir of tears

Question 36

iris

Answer 36

thin, contractile diaphragm with a central hole (pupil) --> transmits light

Question 37

Name the extra ocular rectus muscles

Answer 37

superior rectus inferior rectus medial rectus lateral rectus

Question 38

tarsal glands

Answer 38

secretes lipids to lubricate the eyelid

Question 39

inferior oblique

Answer 39

elevation, abduction, extorsion

Question 40

What controls the thickness of the lens (focus)?

Answer 40

contraction and relaxation of the ciliary body

Question 41

superior oblique

Answer 41

depression, abduction, intorsion

Question 42

innervation of the rectus muscles

Answer 42

oculomotor n. (CN III) | abducent n. (CN VI) - innervates the lateral recuts

Question 43

Horner's syndrome

Answer 43

lack of sympathetic activity which manifests as: pupil constriction drooping of superior eyelid vasodilation absence of sweating

Question 44

Conjunctiva

Answer 44

transparent mucous membrane

Question 45

Superior rectus movements

Answer 45

elevation, adduction, intorsion

Question 46

Detached retina

Answer 46

Usually results from fluid seepage between neural and pigmented layers of retina after trauma Presents as flashes of light or floating specks

Question 47

fovea centralis

Answer 47

area of most acute vision

Question 48

lacrimal canaliculi

Answer 48

takes tears from the lacrimal lake to the lacrimal sac to the nasolacrimal duct to nasal cavity

Question 49

lacrimal apparatus

Answer 49

contains the lacrimal gland, duct, and canaliculi

Question 50

obicularis oculi

Answer 50

muscle around the eye the allows for facial expression

Question 51

components of the vascular layer

Answer 51

choroid ciliary body iris

Question 52

inferior rectus movements

Answer 52

depression, adduction, extorsion

Question 53

lateral rectus

Answer 53

abduction

Question 54

Name the extra ocular oblique muscles

Answer 54

superior oblique | inferior oblique

Question 55

There is movement around three axes. What are they?

Answer 55

vertical transverse anteroposterior

Question 56

Sclera

Answer 56

white of the eye; dense connective tissue