Urinary System Flashcards
Symptoms of cystitis
Peeing a lot Dysuria Urgency Blood in urine Superpubic pain
Symptoms of pylonephritis
Fever Rigors Vomiting Loin pain Tenderness
Symptoms of prostatis
Flu like symptoms
Decreased urination
Tender prostate that’s swollen
Clinical symptoms of acute renal failure
Significant deterioration of renal function occurring over hours or days
Decreased volume pee to under 400mls in 24hours
Increased plasma urea and creatinine levels
Occur in setting of other illness like sepsis
Causes of renal failure
Pre renal- hypoperfusion, sepsis
Renal- ATN Dana he to tubules due to ischaemia or nephrotoxins
Post renal- adrenal tract obstruction
Stages of gfr
1- over 90 2 - 60-89 3- 30-59 4- 15-29 5- under 15
Causes of low gfr
Diabetes Renovascular disease Hypertension Glomerulonephritis Polycystic disease
Cause of glomerulonephritis
Dehydration Diet Drugs Renal Tracy abnormalities Recurrent UTIs Metabolic abnormalities
How to diagnose glomerulonephritis
Asymtpomatic so find accidentally in urine or on an X-ray
Who is at risk of developing renal cancer
Makes Smokers Obsese High bp 50-70yesr old
Symptoms of renal cancer
Haemotoma
Loin pain
Abdominal mass
Paraneoplastic syndrome
Symptoms and tests for bladder cancer
Painless haematuria where frequency urgency and dysuria can occur
Treatments for bladder cancer
Small lesions - diathermy
Later stage- cystectomy or palliative
Benign prostate hyperplasia
Common
Increase in the number of cells
Bph increased
Prostate grows in size
Symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia
Increased urinary frequency Hesistency Nocturia Dribble Increased infection risk Increased prostate on PRZ
Risk factors of prostate cancer
Age Race - black Family history Hormone levels Diet of high fat
Symptoms of prostate cancer
Sometimes asymptomatic Nocturia Hesitancy Poor stream Dribble Irregular prostate on examination
Clinical symptoms of prostate cancer
High PSA in blood
Biopsy
Symptoms of testicular torsion
Sudden onset of pain Nausea Vomiting Hot Swollen Tender May lie transversely and up Common in 11-30year olds
Risk factors of testicular tumour
15-44years
Undescended testis, infant hernia, infertility
Symptoms of testicular tumour
Painless testicular lump after trauma or infection
