Endocrine System Flashcards
Diseases of the pituitary gland
Hyperpituitarism- over active causes by adenoma
Hypopituarism- under active due to surgery injury radiation or inflammation
Local mass effect- compression on the optic ciasm when a tumour compresses the surroundings
Effects of adenoma on hormones
ACTH- Cushing’s syndrome
Growth hormone- gigantism, acromegaly
Prolactin- galactorrhea/amenorrhea, sexual dysfunction, infertility
Tsh- hyperthyroidism
Fish/lh- hypogonadism, mass effects/ hypopituatism
What are the causes of hypopituarism
Iaschemic necrosis of peripheries Sheehans syndrome Non functioning adenoma Surgery irradiation Inflammatory lesions
Causes of hyperthyroidism
Graves' disease Over treatment of thyroxine Infective Toxic multinodular goitre Toxic adenoma
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Fine straight hair Bulging eyes Tachycardia High systolic bp Weight loss Muscle waste Brest enlarge Tremors Diarrhoea Menstrual change Finger clubbing
Symptoms of Graves’ disease
Definitive bulging eyes
Low tsh high thyroxine in blood
Causes of hypothyroidism
Iodine deficiency Autoimmune Latugenic surgery Pituitary defect meaning low tsh Congenital malformations of
What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism
Intolerance to cold Receding hair and loss Oedema face and eye lid Extreme fatigue Thick tongue Slow speech Anorexia Brittle hair and nails Menstrual discharge Constipation Muscle weakness Dry skin Lethargy
Causes of hypoparathroidism
Tyrolectomy
Congenital
Hereditary autoimmunity
Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism
Low calcium
Irritable
Teteny- spasm
Seizure
Causes of hyperparathyroidism
Primary - adenoma causing high pth
Secondary - chronic renal failure
Tertiary- after transplant
Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism
Constipation Polyuria Depression Seizure Muscle wastage Bone fractures Kidney stones
Symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome
Emotional disturbance Enlarged sella turcia Moon face Osteoporosis Cardiac hypertrophy Buffalo hull Adrenal tumour Thin white skin Amerrohea Pupura Obesity Ulcers
Symptoms of Addison’s disease
Gi disturbances such as anorexia, nurses, vomiting, diarrhoea
Reduced weight
Hyperpigmentation
Low levels of sodium high levels potassium
Symptoms of phaeochiomocytoma (adrenal tumour)
High bp Swear Palputations Nervous Increased metabolic reaction Increased heart rate
