❤️

Question 1

Symptoms of ❤️ failure

Answer 1

Breathlessness
Oedema
Crackle

Question 2

Clinical symptoms of heart failure

Answer 2

Shortness of breath
Oedema in legs
Tired

Question 3

Clinical signs of heart failure

Answer 3

Increased wob 
Crackles
Fluid in abdoman
Pulmonary effusion
Peripheral oedema 
Increased jugular vein pressure

Question 4

Classification of ❤️ failure

Answer 4

Acute = hospital 
Chronic = manageable 
Left= lung 
Right = legs

Question 5

Symptoms of vascular heart disease

Answer 5

Same as ❤️ failure 
Plus:
Syncope
Stroke / systematic emboli 
Arythmia
Sob/angina/ syncope = triad aortic stinosis

Question 6

Nyha

Answer 6

Determine severity of heart failure

1) ordinary activity no probs
2) ordinary activity causes angina tiredness and palpitations
3) less then ordinary activity causes fatigue tiredness and Palputations
4) at rest a person experiences fatigue angina and palps

Question 7

How to treat heart failure

Answer 7

Mortality- ace inhib or b blockers

Symptoms- loop diuretics / spiralactone / digoxin - frusomide in an acute situation

Question 8

What is valvular heart disease

Answer 8

When heart valves stop working due to :
Stenosis- blockage
Regurgitation- leaky valve
Vegitations- abnormal growths

Question 9

Causes of stenosis

Answer 9

Mainly primary valve cusp abnormality
Chronic process
2/3 aortic

Question 10

Regurgitation

Answer 10

Can be sudden

Disease of cusps or damage to supporting structures

Question 11

Vegitations

Answer 11

Bacteria infection
Inflammatory
Clot

Question 12

Clinical symptoms of endocarditis

Answer 12

Temperature
Decreased weight
Malaise 
Sob
Oedema legs
Orthopeoa 
Sepsis
Emboli

Question 13

Clinical signs of endocarditis

Answer 13

Heart failure 
Sepsis 
Finger clubbing 
Splinter haemorrhage 
Janeway lesion 
Osler node

Question 14

Signs and symptoms of pericarditis/ myocarditis

Answer 14

Chest pain & heart failure

Question 15

How is dilated cardiomyopathy caused

Answer 15

Alcohol
Periparium
Genetics
Myocarditis

Question 16

How is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused

Answer 16

Genetic idiopathic

Disease

Question 17

What are the symptoms of cardiomyopathy

Answer 17

Sob
Chest pain
Palputations 
Syncope
A/f

Question 18

What is the cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 18

Amylyclosis
Radiation
Chemo

Question 19

What is the primary sign of high blood pressure

Answer 19

Diastolic bp over 140/90 says.
Mild/ 95-104
Moderate - 105-114
Severe - 115+

Question 20

Secondary Causes of hypertension

Answer 20

Renal
Endocrine
Physical obstruction
Neurogenic

Question 21

What is malignant hypertension

Answer 21

Acute
5% cases 90% die yearly
Emergency
Bp rapidly increases and causes organ damage

Question 22

What effects on the body does hypertension have

Answer 22

Blood vessel disease 
Can cause heart failure or mi or left ventricular hypertrophy 
Kidneys can fail
Eyes- retinopathy 
Brain- cerebral haemorrhage/ infarction

Question 23

Causes of aneurysms

Answer 23

Vessel wall weakness
Congenital 
Presser
Atheroma 
Infection

Question 24

Causes of venous disease

Answer 24

Immobility
Pregnancy
Malignancy 
Haem disorders
Osteogenesis

Question 25

Symptoms of a pe

Answer 25

Plevric chest pain 
Breathless 
Calves swell
Syncope / collapse 
Death