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Anatomy > Urinary system > Flashcards

Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys?

A
  • maintain blood/body water homeostasis
  • monitor and affect acid/base balance
  • secrete renin to raise BP
  • secrete erythropoietin to accelerate RBC production
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2
Q

What is the function of the ureters?

A

conduct urine to the bladder

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3
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

passage of urine out of the body

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4
Q

What does retroperitoneal mean? (kidneys)

A

peritoneum on their anterior side only

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5
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

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6
Q

What does the nephron consist of?

A 
glomerulus 
proximal convoluted tube 
loop of Henlé
distal convoluted tube 
collecting duct
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7
Q

What are the two types of nephron?

A

juxtamedullary

superficial

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8
Q

What are the features of the juxtamedullary nephron?

A
  • receives 10% of renal supply
  • concentrates urine
  • long nephron loops
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9
Q

What are the features of the superficial nephron?

A
  • receives 90% of renal supply
  • readsorbs large % of fluid
  • short nephron loops
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10
Q

What type of muscle is in the bladder?

A

smooth and involuntary

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11
Q

What are the functions of the collecting duct?

A
  • connects the ureter to the nephrons

- participates in electrolyte and fluid balance

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12
Q

What is the function of the ureter?

A

tubes of smooth muscle that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder

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13
Q

What is the function of the bladder?

A

muscular organ that collects urine before disposal by urination

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14
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder

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15
Q

What are the three processes of the kidneys?

A

filtration
readsorption
secretion

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16
Q

How is filtration driven in the kidneys?

A

by blood pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus

17
Q

What is the function of the renal tube?

A

filtrate recovery module

18
Q

What happens during readsorption in the kidneys?

A

water and other solutes are readsorbed in the proximal tube and loop of Henlé

19
Q

Where does secretion take place in the kidneys?

A

in the distal tube

20
Q

How does the proximal tube maximise free flow of water and dissolved solutes?

A

epithelial cells have apical microvilli that increase surface area and junctions between cells are leaky

21
Q

What is micturition?

A

urine is produced and stored constantly in the bladder until voided

Anatomy (18 decks)

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