Back

Question 1

What is the vertebrae used for?

Answer 1

locomotion
body weight support
protecting ad transmitting spinal cord and nerves

Question 2

How many vertebrae are there?

Answer 2

33

Question 3

Where is primary curvature seen?

Answer 3

thoracic and sacral regions

Question 4

Where is secondary curvature seen?

Answer 4

cervical and lumbar regions

Question 5

What is the movement of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 5

flexion greatest

Question 6

What is different about the C7 spine?

Answer 6

it is not bifid

Question 7

What is the movement of the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 7

rotation greatest

Question 8

What is the movement of the lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 8

extension greatest

- no rotation

Question 9

What are the movements of the atlanto-occipital joint?

Answer 9

flexion and extension of the head

Question 10

What is the movement of the atlanto-axial joint?

Answer 10

rotation of the head

Question 11

What binds the vertebral bodies together?

Answer 11

intervertebral discs

Question 12

What are the intervertebral discs made up of?

Answer 12

nucleus pulposus

annulus fibrosus

Question 13

Why are most disc herniations posterolateral?

Answer 13

the central position of the posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 14

Where does the L4 nerve emerge and what does this mean?

Answer 14

above the disc meaning a prolapsed L4 disc is likely to compress the L5 nerves

Question 15

How are the position of the ligaments described?

Answer 15

the posterior ligament is anterior to the spinal cord and posterior to the vertebral bodies

Question 16

What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 16

resists hyper-flexion

Question 17

What is the function of the amterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 17

limits extension

Question 18

What is the function of the ligamenta flava?

Answer 18

limits sudden flexion and supports the curvatures

Question 19

What is the ligamenta flava?

Answer 19

thick, broad band attached to vertebral bodies and discs

Question 20

What is the supraspinous ligament?

Answer 20

thick cords between tips of spines

Question 21

What is the interspinous ligament?

Answer 21

thin membrane between all spines

Question 22

What is the function of the ligamentum nuchae in the cervical region?

Answer 22

• limits flexion

- provides muscle attachment

Question 23

What is the significance of the venous plexuses?

Answer 23

they facilitate tumour spread

Question 24

What are the superficial muscles that are mainly for upper limb movement?

Answer 24

levator scapulae
rhomboid minor and major
trapezius
latissimus dorsi

Question 25

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the back?

Answer 25

keep the vertebral column upright and in extension against gravity

Question 26

What are the superficial group of intrinsic muscles?

Answer 26

splenius capitis | splenius cervicis

Question 27

What are the intermediate group of intrinsic muscles?

Answer 27

iliocostalis longissimus spinalis

Question 28

What are the deepest layer of intrinsic muscles?

Answer 28

transversospinalis