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Anatomy > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

What is the vertebrae used for?

A

locomotion
body weight support
protecting ad transmitting spinal cord and nerves

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2
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

33

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3
Q

Where is primary curvature seen?

A

thoracic and sacral regions

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4
Q

Where is secondary curvature seen?

A

cervical and lumbar regions

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5
Q

What is the movement of the cervical vertebrae?

A

flexion greatest

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6
Q

What is different about the C7 spine?

A

it is not bifid

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7
Q

What is the movement of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

rotation greatest

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8
Q

What is the movement of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

extension greatest

- no rotation

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9
Q

What are the movements of the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

flexion and extension of the head

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10
Q

What is the movement of the atlanto-axial joint?

A

rotation of the head

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11
Q

What binds the vertebral bodies together?

A

intervertebral discs

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12
Q

What are the intervertebral discs made up of?

A

nucleus pulposus

annulus fibrosus

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13
Q

Why are most disc herniations posterolateral?

A

the central position of the posterior longitudinal ligament

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14
Q

Where does the L4 nerve emerge and what does this mean?

A

above the disc meaning a prolapsed L4 disc is likely to compress the L5 nerves

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15
Q

How are the position of the ligaments described?

A

the posterior ligament is anterior to the spinal cord and posterior to the vertebral bodies

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16
Q

What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

resists hyper-flexion

17
Q

What is the function of the amterior longitudinal ligament?

A

limits extension

18
Q

What is the function of the ligamenta flava?

A

limits sudden flexion and supports the curvatures

19
Q

What is the ligamenta flava?

A

thick, broad band attached to vertebral bodies and discs

20
Q

What is the supraspinous ligament?

A

thick cords between tips of spines

21
Q

What is the interspinous ligament?

A

thin membrane between all spines

22
Q

What is the function of the ligamentum nuchae in the cervical region?

A
  • limits flexion

- provides muscle attachment

23
Q

What is the significance of the venous plexuses?

A

they facilitate tumour spread

24
Q

What are the superficial muscles that are mainly for upper limb movement?

A

levator scapulae
rhomboid minor and major
trapezius
latissimus dorsi

25
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the back?

A

keep the vertebral column upright and in extension against gravity

26
Q

What are the superficial group of intrinsic muscles?

A

splenius capitis

splenius cervicis

27
Q

What are the intermediate group of intrinsic muscles?

A

iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis

28
Q

What are the deepest layer of intrinsic muscles?

A

transversospinalis

Anatomy (18 decks)

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