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Anatomy > Gastrointestinal system > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal system Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the GI tract?

A 
mouth 
oesophagus 
stomach
small intestine 
large intestine 
anus
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2
Q

What are the functions of the GI tract?

A

adsorption of dietary nutrients
storage
excretion

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3
Q

What are the layers of the GI tract?

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa

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4
Q

What is the mucosa made up of?

A

epithelium
lamina propia
muscularis mucosa

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5
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

wave of pressure generated that migrates down the oesophagus and pushes food ahead of it

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6
Q

What is GI function regulated by?

A

parasympathetic NS
sympathetic NS
enteric NS

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7
Q

How does the parasympathetic NS regulate GI function?

A

stimulates GI secretions and motility facilitating digestion and adsorption of nutrients

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8
Q

How does the sympathetic NS regulate GI function?

A

decreases GI secretions and motility

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9
Q

How are the enteric NS nerves organised?

A

myenteric plexus

submucosal plexus

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10
Q

What are GI hormones and their function?

A

gastrin - H+ secretion

motillin - increases motility

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11
Q

What are GI paracrine and their functions?

A

histamines - increase H+ production

somatostatin - decreases GI secretions

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12
Q

What are the 3 digestive phases?

A

cephalic
gastric
intestinal

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13
Q

What happens in the cephalic phase of digestion?

A

stimulates secretion and causes ACh and VIP release

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14
Q

What happens in the gastric phase of digestion?

A

elicits neural, hormonal and paracrine GI responses

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15
Q

What happens in the intestinal phases of digestion?

A

initiates neural, paracrine and mainly hormonal GI responses

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16
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands?

A

sublingual
submandibular
parotid

17
Q

What is the function of the small intestine in digestion?

A

macronutrient, vitamin and mineral adsorption occurs

18
Q

What is the large intestine made up of?

A

cecum
colons
rectum
anus

19
Q

What is the function of the large intestine in digestion?

A

water and ion adsorption and motility of contents

Anatomy (18 decks)

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