Urinary System

Question 1

Major Functions of Kidney

Answer 1

• Regulation blood pressure
• Regulation of osmolality
• Maintenance of ion balance
• Homeostatic regulation of pH
• Excretion of wastes

Question 2

Layers that surround the kidneys:

Answer 2

• therenalfascia
• the adipose capsule
• therenalcapsule

Question 3

therenalfascia

Answer 3

(fibrous membrane): binds the organ to the abdominal wall

Question 4

the adipose capsule

Answer 4

(layerof fat): cushions thekidney

Question 5

therenalcapsule

Answer 5

(fibrous sac): surrounds the kidneyand protects it from trauma and infection

Question 6

Nephron

Answer 6

• blood processing unit that consists of a glomerulus (tuft of capillaries) and renal tubule

Question 7

Different parts of renal tubule

Answer 7

• Proximal convoluted tubule
• Loop of Henle
• Descending limb of loop of Henle
• Ascending limb of loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule

Question 8

“fenestrated” glomerular endothelium

Answer 8

podocytes in Bowmen’s Capsule

Question 9

Outward blood flow:

Answer 9

• the efferent arteriole exits the glomerulus and branches out into peritubular capillaries

Question 10

Three processes of Urine Formation

Answer 10

Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Question 11

Filtration ( Urine Formation)

Answer 11

forcing fluids and dissolved substances through a membrane by pressure; occurs in glomerular capsule

Question 12

Reabsorption ( Urine Formation)

Answer 12

movement of filtrate back into blood of peritubular capillaries or vasa recta; about 99% of filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood

Question 13

Secretion ( Urine Formation)

Answer 13

process that adds materials to filtrate from blood

Question 14

Roles of ADH

Answer 14

• It tells your kidneys how much water to conserve.

- ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in your blood

Question 15

Role of Aldosterone

Answer 15

• is a hormone produced by the adrenal gland.
• acts mainly in the functional unit of the kidneys to aid in the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, water retention and to stabilize blood pressure.

Question 16

Micturition:

Answer 16

• is the ejection of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body.
• Involves coordination among the central, autonomic, and somatic nervous systems that stem from different centers of the brain

Question 17

Urinary tract infections (UTI):

Answer 17

• happens when germs infect the system that carries urine out of the body – the kidneys, bladder, and the tubes that connect them.
• Bladder infections are common and usually not serious if treated promptly. But if the infection spreads to the kidneys, it can cause more serious illness.