Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Major Functions of Kidney

A
  • Regulation blood pressure
  • Regulation of osmolality
  • Maintenance of ion balance
  • Homeostatic regulation of pH
  • Excretion of wastes
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2
Q

Layers that surround the kidneys:

A
  • therenalfascia
  • the adipose capsule
  • therenalcapsule
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3
Q

therenalfascia

A

(fibrous membrane): binds the organ to the abdominal wall

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4
Q

the adipose capsule

A

(layerof fat): cushions thekidney

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5
Q

therenalcapsule

A

(fibrous sac): surrounds the kidneyand protects it from trauma and infection

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6
Q

Nephron

A
  • blood processing unit that consists of a glomerulus (tuft of capillaries) and renal tubule
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7
Q

Different parts of renal tubule

A
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Loop of Henle
  • Descending limb of loop of Henle
  • Ascending limb of loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule
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8
Q

“fenestrated” glomerular endothelium

A

podocytes in Bowmen’s Capsule

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9
Q

Outward blood flow:

A
  • the efferent arteriole exits the glomerulus and branches out into peritubular capillaries
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10
Q

Three processes of Urine Formation

A

Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

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11
Q

Filtration ( Urine Formation)

A

forcing fluids and dissolved substances through a membrane by pressure; occurs in glomerular capsule

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12
Q

Reabsorption ( Urine Formation)

A

movement of filtrate back into blood of peritubular capillaries or vasa recta; about 99% of filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood

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13
Q

Secretion ( Urine Formation)

A

process that adds materials to filtrate from blood

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14
Q

Roles of ADH

A
  • It tells your kidneys how much water to conserve.

- ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in your blood

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15
Q

Role of Aldosterone

A
  • is a hormone produced by the adrenal gland.
  • acts mainly in the functional unit of the kidneys to aid in the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, water retention and to stabilize blood pressure.
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16
Q

Micturition:

A
  • is the ejection of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body.
  • Involves coordination among the central, autonomic, and somatic nervous systems that stem from different centers of the brain
17
Q

Urinary tract infections (UTI):

A
  • happens when germs infect the system that carries urine out of the body – the kidneys, bladder, and the tubes that connect them.
  • Bladder infections are common and usually not serious if treated promptly. But if the infection spreads to the kidneys, it can cause more serious illness.