Digestive System Flashcards
Functions of digestive system
I say many dogs are excellent
o Ingestion: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus
o Mechanical processing: oral cavity
o Digestion: stomach, small intestine
o Secretion: oral cavity, stomach, small & large intestine, accessory organs
o Absorption: small and large intestine
o Excretion
accessory organ
some people like giving time
o teeth o salivary glands o pancreas o liver: o galls bladder
3 layers of gut
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa (adventitia):
function of the oral cavity
lauren loves meat alot
- analysis of material before swallowing
- mechanical processing by teeth, tongue, and palatal surfaces
- lubrication
- limited digestion
mouth and teeth:
boys may come in
incisors
canines
bicuspids
molars
function of the tongue
MASs production
- mechanical processing
- assistance in chewing and swallowing
- sensory analysis by touch, temp, and taste receptors
saliva glands
psssssssstt
- parotid
- sublingual
- submandibular
the pharynx
- common passageway for food, liquid, and air
3 layers of swallowing process
billy envies people
buccal
pharyngeal
esophageal
functions of stomach
people are be mean and disrespectful
o bulk storage of undigested food
o mechanical breakdown of food
o disruption of chemical binds via acids and enzymes
o absorption of water, salts, alcohol and drugs
o production of intrinsic factor
role of gastrin
Valorie hates some apples
o hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCI) by parietal cells
o aids in gastric motility
o stomach distention
o vagal stimulation
the pancreas
- location: head sits next to duodenum- tail extends to spleen
functions of the liver
People love Dill Pickles
o performs metabolic and hematological regulation
o detoxifies—breaks down toxins using macrophages and Kupffer cells
o produces bile—hepatocytes
processes nutrients
the gallbladder
o hollow pear shaped organ
o stores, modifies and concentrates bile
small intestine
o important digestive and absorptive functions
o 3 subdivisions: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
duodenum
o Major area of digestion
o Regulates rate of emptying of the stomach via hormones
o Structures present: Brunner’s glands, Villi, Microvilli, Plicae circularis, Lacteals
jejunum
o Major area of digestion and absorption
o Passive transport of sugar fructose
o Active transport of amino acids, peptides, vitamins, and glucose
o Structures present: Few Brunner’s gland, Long villi, Microvilli—brush border, Plicae circularis, Lacteals
Ileum
o Major area of absorption primarily vitamin B12 and bile salts
o Secretes gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin
o Structures present: Few Brunner’s glands, Villi, Microvilli, Pilicae circularis, Lacteals, Abundant Peyer’s patches
small intestine structure
very little people involved
- plicae
- villi
- lacteals
- intestinal glands
plicae
transverse folds of the intestinal lining—force chyme to move spirally thru intestine
villi
fingerlike projections of the mucosa
lacteals
absorbs fat
submucosa
connective tissue with lymphoid follicles
mucosa
goblet cells with tight junctions
Small intestine glands and secretions
dan is interesting
o Intestinal juices: moisten chyme, help buffer acids
o Duodenal glands: (Brunner’s glands) produce mucus, buffers
o Ileum glands: Peyer’s patches
Brunner’s Glands:
o Found in the duodenum above sphincter of Oddi
o Produce a mucus rich alkaline secretion
o Empty their alkaline fluid into crypts of Liberkuhn
Crypts of Liberkuhn:
o Secrete various enzymes
o New epithelium is formed here
Functions of the large intestine
some animals read
- Reabsorb water and compact material into feces
- Absorb vitamins produced by bacteria
- Store fecal matter prior to defecation
Physiology of Large intestine
Reabsorption and mass movement of material through colon and rectum
Histology of large intestine
dyl ate pizza
- Absence of villi
- Presence of goblet cells
- Deep intestinal glands
Appendix
- located near the junction of the small and large intestines
- harbor and protect bacteria that are beneficial
the rectum
last portion of the digestive tract and ends at anal canal
movement of materials along digestive tract is controlled by what?
(Lauren Needs a Haircut)
- neural mechanisms
- hormonal mechanisms:
- local mechanisms:
