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A & P > Terms for exam 3 > Flashcards

Terms for exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

haustra

A

small pouches caused by sac formation, which gives the colons its segmented appearance

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2
Q

Taenia coli

A

are 3 separate longitudinal ribbons of smoot muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon

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3
Q

Crypts of Lieberkühn

A

secrete intestinal juice as they gradually migrate along the side of the crypt and the villus

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4
Q

Intestinal glands

A

a gland found in the intestinal epithelium lining of the small and large intestine

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5
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A
  • a band of smooth muscle at the junction between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum of the small intestine.
  • Plays a role in digestion, where it acts as a valve to control the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestine
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6
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A
  • a circular muscle located where the lower end of the esophagus joins the stomach.
  • The muscle serves as a valve that contracts to prevent acid reflux & relaxes to allow food to pass
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7
Q

Sphincter of Oddi

A

muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices through ducts form the liver and pancreas into the first part of the small intestine

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8
Q

villi

A
  • specialized for absorption in the small intestine as they have a thin wall, one cell thick, which enables a shorter diffusion path.
  • Absorption of fatty acids and glycerol into the blood stream
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9
Q

brush boarder

A

site of terminal carbohydrate digestions in the intestinal lining

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10
Q

parts of colon

A

the ascending colon
transverse colon:
descending colon
sigmoid colon

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11
Q

3 salivary glands

A

parotid glands
sublingual gland
submandibular

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12
Q

Intraperitoneal (SALTD SPRSS)

A 
stomach 
appendix 
liver 
transverse colon 
duodenum 
small intestines 
pancreas 
rectum 
spleen 
sigmoid colon
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13
Q

Retroperitoneal (SADPUCKER)

A 
suprarenal glands
aorta and IVC
duodenum 
pancreas 
ureter 
colon 
kidneys 
esophagus
rectum
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14
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

It causes the release of digestive enzymes and bile from pancreas and gallbladder and acts as a hunger suppressant

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15
Q

gastrin

A

stimulates the secretion of gastric acid by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric mobility

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16
Q

GIP (glucose-dependent insulin tropic peptide)

A

inhibiting hormone of the secretin family of hormones and induces insulin secretion

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17
Q

Secretin

A

hormone released into the blood stream by the duodenum to stimulate secretion by the liver and pancreas

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18
Q

Cystic duct:

A

connects the top of the gallbladders neck to the common hepatic duct, then joins at the common bile duct, which meets pancreatic duct before it empties into the duodenum

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19
Q

Common bile duct

A
  • formed where the common hepatic duct and cystic duct join.
  • Role is to carry bile form the gallbladder and empty it into the upper part of the small intestine
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20
Q

Rugae

A

refers to a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ

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21
Q

Microvilli

A

cellular membrane protrusions that increase the surface area for diffusion and minimize any increase in volume, involved in absorption, secretion, cellular adhesion

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22
Q

Mucosa

A
  • membrane that lines various cavities in the body and surrounds internal organs.
  • Eyes, ears, inside of nose, inside of mouth, lip, anus, tongue
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23
Q

Submucosa

A

thin layer of tissue in various organs of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts, layer of dense irregular connective tissue that supports the mucosa

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24
Q

Plicae circularis

A

large valvular flaps projecting into lumen of the small intestine

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25
Q

Pepsin

A

enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides, it is produces in the stomach and is one of the main digestive enzymes

26
Q

chief cells

A

cell in the stomach that releases pepsinogen and chymosin

27
Q

parietal cells

A

secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

28
Q

gastric pit

A

indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the tubular shaped gastric glands

29
Q

Greater Omentum

A

large apron like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from stomach, extends from the greater curvature of stomach

30
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

double layer of peritoneum that extend from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

31
Q

Function of large intestine

A

absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmit the useless waste material from the body

32
Q

Acinar cells

A

produce digestive enzymes

33
Q

Hepatocytes

A

tissue of liver, involved in protein synthesis

34
Q

Kupffer cells

A

specialized macrophages located in liver

35
Q

Trachea

A

provides air flow to and from the lungs

36
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

air passes through the nose of mouth to the alveoli (air sacs) of lung

37
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

to ensure that incoming air is supplied to each alveolus

38
Q

Alveoli

A

gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

39
Q

Macrophages

A

its job it to locate microscopic foreign bodies and eat them

40
Q

Clara cells (club cells)

A

are dome-shapedcellswith short microvilli, found in the small airways (bronchioles) of the lungs

41
Q

Surfactant

A

lower the surface tension at the air/liquid interface within the alveoli of the lung

42
Q

Herring-breuer reflex

A

reflex triggered to prevent over inflation of the lung

43
Q

Respiratory control centers

A

located in the medulla and pons, they receive controlling signals of neural, chemical and hormonal nature and control the rate and depth of respiratory movements of the diaphragm

44
Q

Carotid body

A

responds to stimulus and triggers action potential through afferent fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve

45
Q

Larynx

A

allows air to be directed into the respiratory organs for gas exchange and also is responsible for producing vocal sounds

46
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

provides attachments for the posterior & lateral cricothyroid muscle, ligaments, muscles, and cartilages

47
Q

Arytenoid cartilage

A

allow vocal folds to be tensed, relaxed, or approximated

48
Q

Glottis

A

several voicing sounds between vocal folds when they vibrate

49
Q

Epiglottis

A

seals off the wind pipe during eating

50
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

forms the Adams apple, largest and uppermost of 9 cartilages within the larynx

51
Q

Diaphragm

A

separates the thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity and as the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs

52
Q

Partial pressure

A

rate of diffusion is determined by partial pressure

53
Q

Carbonic anhydrase

A

aids in the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid & bicarbonate ions

54
Q

Chloride shift

A

occurs in the cardiovascular system and refers to the exchange of bicarbonate and chloride across the membrane of red blood cells

55
Q

Hemoglobin

A

transports oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues, then transports carbon dioxide out of the tissue back to the lungs

56
Q

Pleura

A

two membranes that cover the lungs and line the chest cavity, purpose is to cushion the lungs during respiration

57
Q

Cardiac notch:

A

lateral deflection of the anterior border of the left lung, accommodates the space taken up by the heart

58
Q

Ciliated columnar

A

moves mucus and other substances via cilia and is found in the upper respiratory tract, the Fallopian tubes, the uterus, and central part of the spinal cord

59
Q

Squamous cells:

A

in mouth, lips, and cervix,

60
Q

black lung disease

A

long term exposure to coal dust

61
Q

brown lung disease

A

caused by exposure to cotton dust

62
Q

phrenic nerve

A

originates in neck and passes down between lung and heart to reach diaphragm. Important for breathing, passes motor information to diaphragm and receives sensory info from it

A & P (13 decks)

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