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A & P > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Reproductive system functions

A
  • Gamete: production, storage, nourishment, transport

- Fertilization: Fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote

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2
Q

Hormonal control of the testes

A
  • The hypothalamus and pituitary glandcontrolhow much testosterone thetestesproduce and secrete.
  • Luteinizinghormone(LH) stimulates testosterone
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3
Q

Mammary glands:

A

produces milk to feed young offspring.

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4
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

production of sperm

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5
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A
  • Contain spermatogonia

- Stem cells involved in spermatogenesis

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6
Q

Oogenesis

A
  • ovum production—occurs monthly
  • At birth, baby girl has about 2 million primary oocytes.
  • By puberty, only about 400,000 are left
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7
Q

Ovarian Cycle

A
  • Menstrual phase (Days 1-5):
  • Proliferative phase (Days 6-14):
  • Secretory phase (Days 15-28):
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8
Q

Menstrual Phase

A
  • Menstruation due to shedding of stratum functionalis

- occurs because estrogen + progesterone levels are low

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9
Q

Proliferative Phase

A
  • Endometrium increases in glands and blood vessels in response to increasing levels of estrogen (from developing follicles)
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10
Q

Secretory Phase

A
  • Endometrium development continues/is maintained
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11
Q

Placenta

A
  • formed from chorionic villi and uterine tissues

- secretes estrogen and progesterone

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12
Q

three parts of the male urethra

A
  • Prostate Urethra: top by prostate gland
  • Membranous Urethra: middle
  • Spongy or Penile Urethra: in the middle of the penis
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13
Q

three regions of a sperm cell

A

The head
The mid piece
The tail

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14
Q

the head of sperm

A
  • contains thenucleus.
  • Thenucleusholds theDNAof the cell
  • The head also containsenzymesthat help the sperm break through thecell membraneof an egg.
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15
Q

the mid piece of sperm

A
  • packed with mitochondria.
  • Mitochondria are organelles in the cells that produce energy.
  • Sperm use the energy in the mid piece to move
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16
Q

the tail of the sperm

A
  • moves like a propeller, around and around and pushes the sperm forward.
17
Q

How many (generally) oocytes are expelled from a follicle each month?

A

Only about 400 oocytes ovulate

18
Q

Where (in what structure) does fertilization of the ovum occur?

A

fertilization occursin the end of the fallopian close to the ovary

19
Q

Where are the interstitial cells of Leydig located and what is their function?

A

found adjacent to theseminiferous tubulesin thetesticle. They producetestosteronein the presence ofluteinizing hormone(LH).

20
Q

three glands that contribute to seminal fluid

A

theseminal vesicles
theprostate gland
thebulbourethral glands

21
Q

seminal vesicle

A

holds the liquid that mixes with sperm to form semen

22
Q

theprostate gland

A

secreteprostatefluid, one of the components of semen.

23
Q

thebulbourethral glands

A

they add fluids to semen during the process of ejaculation

24
Q

Phase 1: Excitement (male sexual response)

A

Blood flow to the genitals increases, resulting in an erection of the man’s penis

25
Q

Phase 2: Plateau (male sexual response)

A

The man’s testicles are withdrawn up into the scrotum.

26
Q

Phase 3: Orgasm (male sexual response)

A

rhythmic contractions of the muscles at the base of the penis result in the ejaculation of semen

27
Q

Mitosis:

A
  • creates two daughter cells that have identical chromosomes to the parent cell
  • the changes in the chromosomes are asexual.
28
Q

Meiosis

A
  • forms four daughter cells with varying degrees of the parent cell’s chromosomes.
  • Meiosis produces gametes, such as sperm and eggs
29
Q

Sex Chromosomes:

A

Autosomes andallosomes

30
Q

Other chromosomes

A

autosomes

31
Q

How many chromosomes int he body?

A

23 pairsof chromosomes, for a total of46

32
Q

FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone)

A

Targets sustentacular cells to promote spermatogenesis by releasing androgens

33
Q

LH (leutinizing hormone)

A
  • Binds to interstitial cells

- Causes secretion of testosterone and other androgens

34
Q

GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone)

A

Controls release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins

A & P (13 decks)

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