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A & P > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

function of respiratory system

A
  • Supply oxygen and rid body of carbon dioxide
  • Use conducting passageways to reach areas of gas exchange, air is cleaned, humidified and warmed before reaching the alveoli
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2
Q

Sinuses tied to nasal cavity

A
  • Termed paranasal sinuses
  • Found in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones
  • Function: lighten the skull, warm moistened air, produce mucus that enters nasal cavity
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3
Q

Pharynx

A
  • gateway to the larynx

- 3 different types: Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

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4
Q

Nasopharynx

A
  • posterior to nasal cavity

- Houses the pharyngeal tonsils

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5
Q

Oropharynx

A
  • posterior and continuous with oral cavity
  • Passageway for air and food
  • Houses palatine and lingual tonsils
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6
Q

Laryngopharynx

A
  • posterior to epiglottis

- Extends to larynx

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7
Q

The larynx:

A
  • Thyroid cartilage: Adams apple
  • Cricoid cartilage: below thyroid cartilage
  • Arytenoid cartilage: anchors vocal cords
  • Cuneiform and cornicualte cartilages
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8
Q

Epiglottis

A

spoon like structure covers glottis during swallowing

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9
Q

Vocal folds

A
  • vocal cords formed by elastic ligaments

- They attach arytenoid cartilages to thyroid cartilage and vibrate to make sounds

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10
Q

Glottis

A
  • space between vocal chords
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11
Q

Trachea

A
  • Supported by incomplete rings of cartilage
  • conveying air to and from the lungs
  • aka windpipe
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12
Q

Mucus (goblet cells)

A

are interspersed among the ciliated cells and also extend through the full thickness of the epithelium

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13
Q

Bronchial tubes

A

Respiratory bronchi end in or as the alveolar ducts (with smooth rings) that lead into the alveoli

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14
Q

terminal bronchi

A

Ciliated cells
Clara cells
Brush cells
Small granule cells

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15
Q

Ciliated cells

A

decrease in number along the length of the bronchiole

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16
Q

Clara cells

A

increase in number along the length of the bronchiole

17
Q

Brush cells

A

columnar cells that bear microvilli

18
Q

Alveoli

A
  • Thin wall air sacs
  • Site of gas exchange
  • type 1 cells
  • type 2 cells
19
Q

Lungs:

A

o Base rest on diaphragm

o 3 lobes in right lung, 2 in left lung

20
Q

breathing

A
  • diaphragm contracts and bows downward
  • internal intercostal’s lift ribs upward and sternum outward increasing the thoracic volume and thus decrease its pressure
21
Q

neural control

A

medulla and pons—ventilation rate and depth

22
Q

Herring Brewer reflex

A

stretch receptors respond to being over stretched and send inhibitory signals to medulla to exhale

23
Q

Total lung capacity (TC)

A

all the air the lungs can hold

24
Q

Vital capacity (VC)

A

the maximum volume of air that can be expelled at the normal rate of exhalation after maximum inspiration

25
Q

Tidal volume (TV)

A

is the amount of air breathed in our out during normal respiration

26
Q

Residual volume (RV)

A

is the amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation

27
Q

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

the amount of additional air that can be breathed out after normal expiration

28
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

the additional air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal breath in

29
Q

Functional residual capacity (ERV+RV)

A

the amount of air left in the lungs after a tidal breath out

30
Q

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

A

is the volume that can be inhaled after a tidal breath out

31
Q

Anatomical dead space

A

is the volume of the airways

32
Q

Carbon dioxide

A
  • Changes correlate with temperature changes
  • Less atmosphere more cooling
  • More in the atmosphere, less cooling
33
Q

Too much CO2

A

Dizziness, headache, visual and hearing dysfunction

34
Q

Adjusting the pH

A
  • A persons breathing rate influences the level of CO2 in their blood
  • Breathing that is too slow or shallow casues respiratory acidosis
  • Breathing that is too rapid leads to hyperventilation, which can cause respiratory alkalosis blood becomes to basic
35
Q

Regulation of ventilation is in…

A

the medulla

36
Q

Asthma

A

constriction of the bronchioles

37
Q

Pneumonia

A

caused by bacteria, virus or fungi and it is fluid buildup which reduces oxygen diffusion

A & P (13 decks)

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