Urinary system Flashcards
What is Urethritis
Infection in urethra
What is cystitis
Infection in bladder.
What is prostatitis
Infection in prostate
What is pyelonephritis
Infection in kidneys
Which organism is the most common cause of UTI’s
E.Coli
Management of UTI’s
Drink lots of fluids, urinate often, abx e.g. trimethoprim,
Which hormones are produced in kidneys?
Renin - control of BP
Erythropoietin - production of RBC’s and vitamin D.
What is acute renal failure
Significant deterioration in renal function occurring over hours or days. Low urine volume. Higher plasma urea and creatinine levels.
Causes of pre-renal failure
Hypoperfusion and sepsis
Causes of renal failure
ATN damage to tubules due to ischaemia or nehrotoxins
Causes of post-renal failure
Renal tract obstruction
Common causes of chronic renal failure
Diabetes, renovascular disease, hypertension, glomerulonephritis and polycystic disease.
What is glomerulonephritis
Group of disorders where there is damage to glomerular filtration apparatus which can cause a leak of protein or blood into the urine.
What are kidney stones?
Crystal aggregates formed in the collecting ducts of the kidneys and deposit anywhere in the renal tract.
Risk factors for kidney stones
Dehydration, diet, drugs, renal tract abnormalities, recurrent UTI’s and metabolic abnormalities
