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Pathology > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

In the brain above the brain stem

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2
Q

Which hormones do the posterior pituitary secrete? What are the functions of these hormones

A

Oxytocin for uterus contraction.

ADH for reabsorption of water at the kidneys.

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3
Q

Which hormones do the anterior pituitary secrete?

A

GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH and prolactin

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperpiuitarism

A

Adenoma in anterior lobe

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5
Q

Causes of hyperthyroidism

A 
Graves disease
Overdose of thyroxine
Infective DQ thyroiditis
Toxic multinodular goitre
Toxic adenoma
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6
Q

How do we manage hyperthyroidism

A

Carbimazole/propylthiouracil
Radioiodine
Thyroidectomy

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7
Q

Causes of hypothyroidism

A 
Iodine deficiency
Surgery
Autoimmune thyroiditis
Pituitary defects
Congenital
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8
Q

What is Hashimotos thyroiditis

A

Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland

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9
Q

Management of hypothyroidism with

A

Thyroxine

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10
Q

Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism

A

Irritability
Tetany
Seizures

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11
Q

Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism

A 
Constipation 
Depression
Seizures
Muscle wasting 
Polyuria
Bone fractures
Kidney stones
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12
Q

What does cortisol do?

A

Regulated blood sugar and inhibits inflammation

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13
Q

Causes of Cushing’s

A

ACTH releasing tumour

Steroids

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14
Q

Causes of Addisons disease

A

Autoimmune
Infection
Neoplasms

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15
Q

Signs and symptoms of Addison’s disease

A 
GI symptoms (anorexia, nausea & D&V)
Weight loss
Hyperpigmentation 
Low sodium
High potassium
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16
Q

Signs and symptoms of phaeochromocytoma

A 
Hypertension 
Sweating 
Palpitations 
Nervousness
Increased metabolism
Increased HR
17
Q

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

Sweating, bulging eyes, facial flushing, enlarged thyroid, tachycardia, increased BP, breast enlargement, weight loss, muscle wasting, edema, tremors, diarrhoea and menstrual changes.

18
Q

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

A

Cold, facial and eyelid edema, fatigue, thick tongue slow speech, anorexia, menstrual disturbances, constipation, muscle weakness, dry skin, lethargy and apathy and hair loss.

Pathology (19 decks)

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