Disorders of growth Flashcards
What is neoplasia?
New growth
What is a neoplasm/tumour?
An abnormal mass of tissue where the growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue growth.
What are the 2 basic components of tumours?
Parenchyma - proliferating neoplastic cells and
Stroma- supportive network of connective tissue and blood vessels.
What are the characteristics of a benign tumour?
Doesn’t spread to other sites, is amenable to surgical resection and isn’t necessarily harmful unless it is pressing on a major artery/organ etc.
What are the characteristics of a malignant tumour?
Grows by invasion and destruction of local tissues and has the capacity to metastasize (spread).
Routes of metastasis
Lymphatics, blood, cavities, along epithelial lined spaces and within epithelium.
Main sites of metastases
Lymph nodes, liver, lungs, bones, brain, endocrine and skin.
What 3 things does the name of a tumour/neoplasm depend on?
Site, behaviour and histogenesis.
What do the names of benign epithelial tumours end in? give examples
“oma” e.g. adenoma, papilloma, cystadenoma
What is a carcinoma?
Malignant tumour of epithelial tissue
What is a sarcoma?
Malignant tumour of stromal tissue
What is leukaemia?
Neoplastic proliferation of haematopoietic stem cells and the neoplastic cells spill into the blood stream.
What is lymphoma?
Malignant proliferation of cells of lymphoid tissue
What are the 2 types of lymphoma?
Hodgkins & Non-Hodgkins
What are the general effects of tumours?
Displacement or destruction of normal structres, excess normal function, parneolastic phenomena
