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BMS1011 Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

List the function of the kidneys.

A

Filter waste products from the bloodstream and convert filtrate into urine.
Regulate blood volume, pH, trigger the release of erythropoieten and renin to stimulate RBC production.

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2
Q

What is a glomus?

A

Glomerulus equivalent in primitive non-mammals. Wastes are filtered here but are removed through the skin.

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3
Q

What is a cloaca?

A

Common outlet point for the digestive and respiratory systems.

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4
Q

What is the pronephros?

A

The third kidney tissue that develops in human embryos near the head and becomes non-functional.

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5
Q

What is the mesonephros?

A

Kidney tissue that develops into the gonads in humans

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6
Q

What is the metanephros?

A

Kidney tissue that develops in the pelvis into kidneys and moves up into the abdomen.

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7
Q

What are the three kidney tissues that are present in an embryo?

A

Pronephros, metanephros, mesonephros.

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8
Q

What is the ureter?

A

Tube that transmits urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

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9
Q

Are kidneys retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

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10
Q

List the vessels that blood passes to get to and from the kidney to supply it with blood, starting with the abdominal aorta.

A

Abdominal aorta, renal arteries, renal veins, inferior vena cava.

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11
Q

Is the adrenal gland part of the urinary system?

A

No

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12
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Glomerulus in the renal medula

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13
Q

What is the renal capsule?

A

Outer fibrous covering of the kidney

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14
Q

What is the renal cortex?

A

Houses glomeruli

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15
Q

What are renal columns?

A

Divisions cause by division into pyramids.

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16
Q

Why is the medulla organised into pyramids?

A

To bring all the collecting ducts into one at the apex of the pyramid.

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17
Q

What is the renal papilla?

A

The tip of the pyramid which releases urine into the calyx.

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18
Q

What is the calyx?

A

Space that urine from the papilla drains into.

19
Q

What is the renal pelvis?

A

The point at which all urine produced by the kidney is collected.

20
Q

What is the ureter?

A

A fibro-muscular (smooth muscle) tube that caries urine to the bladder

21
Q

Why do kidneys have multiple renal arteries sometimes?

A

They walk up to the abdomen by breaking and forming new arterial connections.

22
Q

Where is a horseshoe kidney located?

A

In the pelvis.

23
Q

How long is the ureter?

A

25cm

24
Q

Why does the ureter contain fibrous tissue?

A

To prevent over-stretching of the ureter.

25
Q

What muscle predominantly makes up the bladder?

A

Smooth muscle.

26
Q

Is the bladder retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

Primarily retroperitoneal.

27
Q

What is the function of the trigone?

A

To ensure that urine flows out of the bladder when the bladder contracts.

28
Q

Does the size of the bladder effect duration of bladder emptying?

A

No, its approximately 20 seconds for all bladder sizes.

29
Q

What structure of the urinary system differs between males and females?

A

Urethra.

30
Q

Why does the urethra differ between males and females?

A

The urinary and reproductive systems are linked in terms of development.

31
Q

What are urethral glands?

A

Glands in the urethra that secrete mucous to protect the urethra from the acidic urine.

32
Q

Why is the urethra lined with smooth muscle?

A

To help remove urine from the urethra.

33
Q

How long is the urethra in females?

A

3-5 cm

34
Q

What is the function of the urethra in males?

A

Transmit urine and semen.

35
Q

How long is the urethra in males?

A

18-20 cm.

36
Q

How many portions is the urethra divided into?

A

Three

37
Q

What is the first segment of the urethra in males?

A

Prostatic urethra.

38
Q

What substances does the prostatic urethra receive?

A

Glandular secretions from the prostate, spermatozoa and seminal gland fluid during the emission-ejaculation cycle, urine.

39
Q

What is the second segment of the male urethra?

A

Membranous urethra passing through the pelvic membrane.

40
Q

What is the shortest segment of the urethra in males?

A

Membranous urethra.

41
Q

What is the third segment of the male urethra?

A

Spongy urethra passing through the corpus spongiosum.

42
Q

How do animals with shared urethral pathways use urination for communication?

A

They are able to secrete chemicals that indicate of their various processes, e.g. availability.

43
Q

Why do humans not urinate for communication?

A

They have a reduced dependence on olfaction.

BMS1011 Anatomy (9 decks)

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