Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS1011 Anatomy > Musculoskeletal Tissues > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

List the five function of the skeleton.

A

Support, protection, body movement, storage of mineral and fats, blood cell formation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many bones are there in the human body?

A

206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many bones make up the axial skeleton?

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

A

126

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the four tissues that make up the skeletal system?

A

Bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What tissue of the skeletal system contains mineralised matrix of crystalline calcium and calcium carbonate?

A

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which component of bone gives flexibility?

A

Collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is it advantageous for deers to have antlers with high collagen content?

A

Collagen is relatively flexible and highly absorbs shock.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which component of bone makes it hard and brittle?

A

Hydroxyapatite.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do auditory ossicles contain a high amount of hydroxyapatite?

A

They are used for sound transmission.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the four types of cells in bone?

A

Osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor cells, osteoclasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Immature bone cells that secrete organic components of the bone matrix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are osteoprogenitor cells?

A

Stem cells whose division produce osteoblasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Multinucleated cells that secrete acids and enzymes to dissolve ECM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which cells of the bone are multi-nucleated?

A

Osteoclasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

The outer layer of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the endosteum?

A

The inner cavity of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the three major parts of a long bone?

A

Epiphysis, diaphysis and metaphysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the diaphysis?

A

The shaft of the long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the epiphysis?

A

Either end of the long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the metaphysis?

A

Region between the epiphysis and the diaphysis. It contains the growth plate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is cartilage vascularised?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage.

25
Q

Describe hyaline cartilage.

A

Matrix of closely packed packed collagen fibres. Supports tissues and organs and is used for bone development.
Immobile.

26
Q

Describe elastic cartilage.

A

Contains numerous elastic fibres that make it resilient and flexible.

27
Q

Describe fibrocartilage.

A

Has little ground substance. Matrix contains mainly dense collagen fibres. Durable and tough. Most dense, least mobile.

28
Q

List examples of hyaline cartilage location.

A

Nose, articulate surfaces of bones.

29
Q

List examples of elastic cartilage location.

A

Ears

30
Q

List examples of fibrocartilage location.

A

Pubic symphysis

31
Q

What are the two processes via which bone develops?

A

Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification.

32
Q

What is intramembranous ossification?

A

Bone is formed from mesenchyme (a connective tissue) without becoming cartilage first.

33
Q

What bones in the bod undergo intramembranous ossification?

A

Skull and clavicles.

34
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

Formation of hyaline cartilage followed by replacement by bone.

35
Q

List the stages of intramembranous ossification?

A

Mesenchyme differentiates into osteoblasts, which differentiate into osteoclasts. Blood and lymph grow into the bone.

36
Q

What does bone remodelling refer to?

A

Osteoclasts destroy old bone material, while osteoblasts create new bone.

37
Q

What are joints?

A

Articulations/areas when two or more adjacent bones interact.

38
Q

What are the three types of joints is classified by function?

A

Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis.

39
Q

How much movement to synarthrosis joints allow?

A

No movement.

40
Q

Describe synarthrosis joints.

A

Bone edges are close together or interlock. They are extremely strong.

41
Q

What is an example of a synarthrosis joint?

A

Joints in the skull.

42
Q

How much movement do amphiarthrosis joints allow?

A

Little movement.

43
Q

Descrive amphiarthrosis joints.

A

Articulating bones are connected by collagen fibres or cartilage.

44
Q

What is an example of an amphoarthrosis joint?

A

Pubic bone.

45
Q

How much movement does a diarthrosis joint allow?

A

Free movement.

46
Q

Where are diarthrosis joints located?

A

Appendicular skeleton.

47
Q

What are the three types of joints if classified by structure?

A

Cartilaginous, fibrous and synovial.

48
Q

What are cartilagenous joints?

A

Joints firmly held together by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage and/or fibro- cartilage.

49
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

Joints in which the articular surface of the bones are attached to each other through fibrous connective tissues.

50
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Freely moveable joints covered in articulate cartilage within a cavity filled with synovial fluid. The fluid is lined with synovial membrane and reinforced by a fibrous capsule and ligaments.

51
Q

What are examples of locations of fibrous joints?

A

Skull, tibia-fibula.

52
Q

What are examples of cartilaginous joints?

A

Sternum, spine, epiphyseal plates.

53
Q

What is an example of a synovial joint?

A

Knee

54
Q

What are the four accessory structures of synovial joints?

A

Fat pads, ligaments, tendons and bursae.

55
Q

What are the six types of synovial joints?

A

Gliding, condylar, hinge, saddle, pivot and ball-and-socket.

56
Q

What are the four properties of skeletal muscle?

A

Excitability, contractility, extensibility and elasticity.

57
Q

Compare slow and fast fibres.

A

Slow: small, dark (myoglobin), fatigue resistant.
Fast: large, pale, easily fatigue

58
Q

What are the three types of muscle fibres?

A

Slow, fast and intermediate.

59
Q

What are the four fascicle organisation types?

A

Parallel, convergent, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate, circular.

BMS1011 Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions