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BMS1011 Anatomy > Gametes > Flashcards

Gametes Flashcards

1
Q

What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?

A

Rapid

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2
Q

What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction.

A

Lack of diversity.

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3
Q

Why is the female gamete 100 times larger than the male gamete?

A

It must contain substances to support oogenesis.

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4
Q

When do primordial germ cells develop?

A

During embryonic development.

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5
Q

When do germ cells undergo sex determination?

A

During embryonic development.

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6
Q

The expression of which two genes indicates specialisation of a germ cell during specification and commitment stages of germ cell development?

A

Blimp 1 and Stella.

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7
Q

What are the five stages of germ cell development?

A

Specification, commitment, migration, colonisation, sex determination.

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8
Q

What are the two types of migration of germ cells?

A

Passive- as the embryo changes shape

Active

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9
Q

What does the sex of germ cells depend on?

A

The environment of the gonads that they enter.

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10
Q

At which phase does oogenesis arrest until puberty?

A

Prophase I of meiosis I.

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11
Q

At what stages does spermatogenesis start (after pausing twice)?

A

Embryonic development, birth, puberty.

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12
Q

When during embryonic development does migration of germ cells occur from the yolk sac to the embryo?

A

Week 4

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13
Q

When during embryonic development does colonisation of the gonads by the germ cells occur?

A

Weeks 6-8

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14
Q

When is testicular cancer likely to begin and when is it likely to manifest?

A

Begin: during embryonic development
Manifest: 20-30 years

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15
Q

How are germ cells affected by testicular cancer?

A

They arrest their development and resist differentiation cues to remain as gonocytes.

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16
Q

What are the support cells in male gonads?

A

Sertoli cells

17
Q

What are the support cells in female gonads?

A

Granulosa cells

18
Q

What are the major hormone producing cells in male gonads?

A

Leydig cells

19
Q

What are the major hormone producing cells in female gonads?

A

Theca cells

20
Q

What stage of meiosis produces primary spermatocytes/ oocytes?

A

Prophase I

21
Q

What stage of meiosis produces secondary spermatocytes/ oocytes?

A

Meiosis I

22
Q

What stage of meiosis produces spermatids/ ootid and polar bodies?

A

Meiosis II

23
Q

What follows meiosis to produce spermatozoa and the ovum?

A

Differentiation.

24
Q

Are sex chromosome defects or autosomal chromosome defects more likely to be fatal?

A

Autosomal chromosome defects.

25
Q

What is turner syndrome?

A

X chromosome missing in female.

26
Q

What is Kleinfelter syndrome?

A

Extra X chromosome in males.

27
Q

Vaguely compare the number of germ cells present in females at 16-20 weeks, at birth and at adulthood?

A

Peak number at 16-20 weeks of embryonic development.
Significantly lower at birth.
Continuos reduction through adulthood.

28
Q

Can one survive with chromosome 13 or chromosome 18 trisomy?

A

Survive gestation but not birth.

29
Q

What organ produces the follicle stimulating hormone?

A

Pituitary gland

30
Q

Why is it that during follicle maturation 50 follicles begin to mature but only one dominates and the others die?

A

The dominant follicle becomes FSH-independent and secretes inhibin. Inhibit inhibit pituitary FSH production, from which the other follicles die.

31
Q

What happens to the daughters of spermatogonium division?

A

One returns for renewal, while the other continues to divide.

32
Q

What cell expresses the SRY gene and produces anti- Mullerian hormone?

A

Sertoli cells.

33
Q

What is the function of the blood-testis barrier in the testis?

A

Spermatozoa are produced during puberty and have never been exposed to the immune system. If there were no blood barrier, the immune system would destroy spermatozoa.

34
Q

Why do spermatozoa share a cytoplasm through to differentiation?

A

To ensure they are the same and that there is no gender skewity.

BMS1011 Anatomy (9 decks)

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