Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the two parts of the respiratory tract?

Answer 1

Upper and lower

Question 2

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 2

Nose, nasal cavity and the pharynx.

Question 3

What makes up the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 3

Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveolar ducts and alveoli.

Question 4

Is the upper or lower respiratory tract shared with other systems? What system is it shared with?

Answer 4

Upper

Digestive system

Question 5

Why is the surface area of the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

To humidify incoming air.

Question 6

What cells line the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 6

Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Question 7

What bones increase the mucosal surface area of the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

Conchae

Question 8

What is formed at the inferior end of the pharynx?

Answer 8

The oesophagus with the larynx projecting out

Question 9

What cartilage lines the bronchi?

Answer 9

Hyaline cartilage

Question 10

Describe what occurs in the larynx during swallowing.

Answer 10

The larynx descends and the epiglottis covers it to prevent choking.

Question 11

What is the one part of the larynx that has a complete part of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 11

Cricoid cartilage

Question 12

What is the function of the cricoid cartilage in the larynx?

Answer 12

To keep airways open

Question 13

List the four structures that make up the larynx in order from superior to inferior.

Answer 13

Epiglotis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid, vocal folds

Question 14

Why can an infant and chimpanzee not make human sounds?

Answer 14

The larynx is closer to the nasal cavity to prevent choking.

Question 15

Why is the back of the trachea to covered in cartilage?

Answer 15

To not rub the oesophagus

Question 16

As you progress through the bronchiole tree what is cartilage replaced by?

Answer 16

Smooth muscle.

Question 17

How many lobes make up the right lung?

Answer 17

Three

Question 18

How many lobes make up the left lung?

Answer 18

Two

Question 19

What is the difference between the primary bronchi in the left and right lungs?

Answer 19

The right is shorter, wider and more vertically oriented as it must split earlier.

Question 20

If an object is inhaled, is it more likely to enter the left or right bronchus?

Answer 20

The right

Question 21

Why are the bronchioles lined by smooth muscle?

Answer 21

To dilate or constrict alveoli based on autonomic innervation.

Question 22

What is the respiratory membrane made up of?

Answer 22

Alveolar epithelium, basement membrane and endothelium.

Question 23

What is the hilum?

Answer 23

Single entry point for vessels.

Question 24

What is pleura?

Answer 24

Relatively thick tissue layer lining the thoracic cavity that binds lungs to the thoracic cavity walls.

Question 25

What are the two tissue layers that make up the pleura?

Answer 25

Visceral pleura and parietal pleura.

Question 26

What is the visceral pleura?

Answer 26

The layer of pleura that lines the lungs.

Question 27

What is the parietal pleura?

Answer 27

The layer of pleura that lines the thoracic cavity and the superior surface of the diaphragm.

Question 28

What is the purpose of the fluid secreted by the pleura?

Answer 28

Lubrication and creation of hydrostatic pressure to adhere the lungs to the thoracic cavity walls.

Question 29

What muscles allow breathing?

Answer 29

Diaphragm, intercostal muscle.

With increased activity, abdominal, shoulder muscles are employed.