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BMS1011 Anatomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Is a cardiovascular system required for the existence of a multicellular organism?

A

No, many multicellular organisms do not have a dedicated cardiovascular system.

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2
Q

What is the major function of the cardiovascular system?

A

Maintain cellular metabolism.

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3
Q

Do all triploblastic organisms have a cardiovascular system?

A

No, e.g. mollusk, flat worm

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4
Q

List the three major components of blood.

A

Plasma, buffy coat (platelets and white blood cells), erythrocytes.

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5
Q

What is plasma?

A

The liquid extracellular matrix of blood.

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6
Q

How much of the blood’s volume does plasma make up?

A

50%

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7
Q

Which of the components of blood is least dense?

A

Plasma

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8
Q

What makes up the buffy coat?

A

Platelets and white blood cells.

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9
Q

What is the lifespan of blood?

A

120 days

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10
Q

In what bones are RBCs made?

A

Flat bones, e.g. femur.

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11
Q

What are tunics?

A

Layers of blood vessels.

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12
Q

Describe the three tunics of blood vessels.

A
  1. Tunica externa (fibrous)
  2. Tunica media (smooth muscular layer- constriction/relaxation).
  3. Tunica intima (single cell endothelial layer).
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13
Q

What is an anastomosis?

A

Connection between blood vessels, such as the capillary bed or connections between arteries.

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14
Q

What are the two function of the pulmonary loop?

A

Oxygenation and decarboxylation.

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15
Q

Within which circuit is the hepatic loop located?

A

Systemic

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16
Q

Provide an evolutionary explanation for the fact the the base of the heart contains all of the blood vessels, the apex of the heart does not contain any and that the heart is comprised of four chambers.

A

The formation of two chambers in a primitive blood vessel and its folding.

17
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Central mediastinum.

18
Q

What are the two types of pericardium?

A

Fibrous and serious pericardium.

19
Q

What does the fibrous pericardium attach to?

A

The great vessels and diaphragm.

20
Q

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

A

Protection of the heart and prevention of overfilling.

21
Q

What is the function of the serious endothelium?

A

Secrete lubricating fluid to ensure the heart does not get caught on anything.

22
Q

In which chamber is the sino-atrial node located?

A

Right atrium

23
Q

What are subendocardial branches?

A

Purkinje fibres

24
Q

Do vagal (parasympathetic) nerves increase or decrease heart rate?

A

Decrease

25
Q

What is the function hepatic portal?

A

To metabolise, process and filter deoxygenated, nutrient-rich blood coming from the GI tract before it returns to the rest of the body.

26
Q

List the organs blood passes when in the hepatic portal?

A

Heart, aorta, GI tract, veins, liver, inferior vena cava.

27
Q

Does the vein draining the GI tract enter the liver inferiorly or superiorly?

A

Inferiorly.

28
Q

Is the inferior Vena Cava inferior or superior of the liver?

A

Superior.

29
Q

What is the functional unit of the CVS?

A

Capillary beds.

30
Q

Why is it advantageous for veins to be located close to large skeletal muscle?

A

Contraction of skeletal muscle applies pressure to the veins to return blood to the heart.

31
Q

How can lack of movement result in thrombosis?

A

Muscles are not pumping blood up to the heart, causing RBCs to collect at valves and form a thrombosis.

32
Q

What is the function of valves?

A

Prevention of back flow of blood.

33
Q

What is the purpose of the lymphatic system?

A

Drain interstitial fluid for it to become lymph for immunity and prevent fluid accumulation.

34
Q

Why does the size of the thymus decrease after puberty?

A

The body has been exposed to many of the potential pathogens and the thymus is metabolically expensive.

35
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

Storage of white and red blood cells.

36
Q

What is the white pulp of the spleen?

A

Storage of white blood cells.

37
Q

What is the red pulp of the spleen?

A

Storage of red blood cells.

38
Q

What parts of the body drain into the thoracic duct?

A

Left side of the body and the lower half of the right side.

39
Q

What parts of the body drain into the right lymphatic duct?

A

Top right half.

BMS1011 Anatomy (9 decks)

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