Urinary System

Question 1

What is the kidneys gross structure

Answer 1

Bean shaped organ
Covered by capsule of dense collagenp fibres
Hilum site of entry renal a and exit of renal v and ureter
Has a cortex and medulla
Medulla divided into medulla pyramids

Question 2

What is a nephron

Answer 2

Basic functional unit of the kidney
Composed renal corpuscle and renal tubules
Each human kidney 1-1.5 million

Question 3

What happens in the renal corpuscle

Answer 3

Production and collection of glomerular filtrate

Question 4

What happens in the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 4

Reabs of water, proteins, amino acids, carbs and glucose

Question 5

What hallens at the loop of Henle

Answer 5

Creation of hypertonic enviro in medulla

Question 6

What happens in the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 6

Acid-base and water balance (abs water, Na, bicarbonate but excrete k and h ions)

Question 7

What forms the renal corpuscle

Answer 7

Glomerulus which go into bowmans capsule
Supplied by afferent arteriole and drained by efferent arteriole
Epi cells podocytes aid filtration as form slits
Basal lamina made of gags
Mesangial cells control filtration rate

Question 8

What is the average glomerular filtrate

Answer 8

125ml/mi what does the oct principally

Question 9

What does the pct principally abs

Answer 9

70% sodium via active trans and water is passively diffused

Almost all glucose and amino acids reabs by co transport

Question 10

What is a vasa recta

Answer 10

Kind of a peritubular cap but follows the loop of Henle very closely and is longer

Question 11

What happens in the renal medulla

Answer 11

Increasing oncotic pressure as go into loop of Henle

Question 12

What is the reabs of sodium controlled by in the DCt

Answer 12

Aldosterone which is sec by adrenal cortex

Question 13

What is aldosterone secretin controlled by

Answer 13

Renin angiotensin system which results in greater Sodium retention and therefore increases bp

Question 14

What controls the reabs water

Answer 14

ADH

Question 15

What so the JGA

Answer 15

Specialised region since where DCT passes same renal corpuscle

Question 16

What are the common of the JGA

Answer 16

Macula densa
Granular cells
Mesangial cells

Question 17

What does the macula densa do

Answer 17

On side DCt nearest afferent arteriole
Tallest
Sense sodium content of fluid

Question 18

What are granular cells

Answer 18

Modified smooth muscle cells in wall afferent arteriole

Secret renin imitator in r a a syst

Question 19

What are mesangial cells

Answer 19

Contact macula densa

Function to alter glomerular filtrate

Question 20

What are the conducting parts of the Urinary system

Answer 20

Renal papillae
Minor calyx 
Major calyx 
Ureter 
Bladder 
Urethra 
Exit body

Question 21

What epi lines the urinary tract

Answer 21

Urothelium/ transitional epi

Question 22

What are the cells at the luminal surface which are domed

Answer 22

Umbrella cells

Question 23

What are the specialising of the epi

Answer 23

Variability of the thickness rep diff States of distension

Special surface structures are to provide a highly Imperm barrier

Question 24

What are e functions of the kidney and urinary tract

Answer 24

Maintain water and electrolyte balance, body fluid osmolarity and acid-base balance

Excrete toxic waste

Endocrine producing - renin and EPO