Urinary System Flashcards
What is the kidneys gross structure
Bean shaped organ
Covered by capsule of dense collagenp fibres
Hilum site of entry renal a and exit of renal v and ureter
Has a cortex and medulla
Medulla divided into medulla pyramids
What is a nephron
Basic functional unit of the kidney
Composed renal corpuscle and renal tubules
Each human kidney 1-1.5 million
What happens in the renal corpuscle
Production and collection of glomerular filtrate
What happens in the proximal convoluted tubule
Reabs of water, proteins, amino acids, carbs and glucose
What hallens at the loop of Henle
Creation of hypertonic enviro in medulla
What happens in the distal convoluted tubule
Acid-base and water balance (abs water, Na, bicarbonate but excrete k and h ions)
What forms the renal corpuscle
Glomerulus which go into bowmans capsule
Supplied by afferent arteriole and drained by efferent arteriole
Epi cells podocytes aid filtration as form slits
Basal lamina made of gags
Mesangial cells control filtration rate
What is the average glomerular filtrate
125ml/mi what does the oct principally
What does the pct principally abs
70% sodium via active trans and water is passively diffused
Almost all glucose and amino acids reabs by co transport
What is a vasa recta
Kind of a peritubular cap but follows the loop of Henle very closely and is longer
What happens in the renal medulla
Increasing oncotic pressure as go into loop of Henle
What is the reabs of sodium controlled by in the DCt
Aldosterone which is sec by adrenal cortex
What is aldosterone secretin controlled by
Renin angiotensin system which results in greater Sodium retention and therefore increases bp
What controls the reabs water
ADH
What so the JGA
Specialised region since where DCT passes same renal corpuscle
What are the common of the JGA
Macula densa
Granular cells
Mesangial cells
What does the macula densa do
On side DCt nearest afferent arteriole
Tallest
Sense sodium content of fluid
What are granular cells
Modified smooth muscle cells in wall afferent arteriole
Secret renin imitator in r a a syst
What are mesangial cells
Contact macula densa
Function to alter glomerular filtrate
What are the conducting parts of the Urinary system
Renal papillae Minor calyx Major calyx Ureter Bladder Urethra Exit body
What epi lines the urinary tract
Urothelium/ transitional epi
What are the cells at the luminal surface which are domed
Umbrella cells
What are the specialising of the epi
Variability of the thickness rep diff States of distension
Special surface structures are to provide a highly Imperm barrier
What are e functions of the kidney and urinary tract
Maintain water and electrolyte balance, body fluid osmolarity and acid-base balance
Excrete toxic waste
Endocrine producing - renin and EPO
