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Histology > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

How does the skin provide sensation

A

Skin is largest sensory organ with sensors for touch, pressure, pain and temp

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2
Q

How does th skin themroreg

A

Skin has insulate props as well as the ability to dissipate excess heat, fat layers are insulator

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3
Q

What are the skins metabolic functions

A

Production of vitamin d3 utilising uv light

Significant store of energy reserve in form of subcutaneous fat

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4
Q

What are the three layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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5
Q

What is the epidermis

A

Composed of a keratinised stratified squamous epi

No blood vessels

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6
Q

What su the Dermis

A

Composed of layer of fibrocollagenous and elastic connective tissue that contains blood vessels, neves and sensory receptors

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7
Q

What is the hypodermis

A

Composed mainly of adipose tissue with scattered septa of bundles of collagen running perpendicular to the surface of the skin which helps anchor the skin to the underlying deep fascia

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8
Q

How many layers divides epidermis and what are they

A 
4 
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum 
Stratum granulosum 
Stratum corneum
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9
Q

What su the stratum basale

A

Basal layer
Single layer of cells sitting on basal lamina
Serve as stem cells for epidermis and. Mitosic division produce most cells of epidermis

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10
Q

What is the stratum spinosum

A

Prickle cell layer
Displaces cells upwards
Many desmosomes attaching to eachother

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11
Q

What is stratum granulosum

A

Cells large num of dense cytoplasmic granules - keratohyaline granules whic contain fligarrin which promotes aggregation of cytokeratin intermediate filaments –> keratin
Most abundant cell in is keratinocytes

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12
Q

What is stratum corneum

A

Composed of dead squamous Cells packed with keratin

Cells are coated with contents fo keratinosomes which helps glue keratin together and make it water resistant

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13
Q

What are melanocytes

A

Appear as pale cells with prominent dark nuclei in basal cell layer
Prod melanin
Form melanoproteins

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14
Q

What are langerhans cells

A

Resident macrophages of epidermis

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15
Q

What are merkel cells

A

Touch receps found in basal layer of epidermis

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16
Q

Where is the dermis

A

Directly beneath epidermis of variable thickness

17
Q

What is the most superficial part of the dermis

A

Thin papillary dermis which forms dermal papillae which project up and Interdigitate with epidermis papillae at rete ridges

18
Q

What does the papillae dermis is consist of

A

Fine collagen and elastic tissue

19
Q

What is the deeper part of the dermis known as

A

Reticular Dermis

20
Q

What does the reticular dermis consist of

A

Dense irregular connective tissue with thick collagen fibres and elastic fibres embedded in reactively small amount ECm

21
Q

What does the hypodermis consist of

A

Mostly adipose tissue occasional bands of dense irregular connive tissue
Aka subcutis

22
Q

What are the epidermal skin appendages

A

Hair follicles
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands

23
Q

What is a hair follicle

A

Tubular structure
Through epidermis and Dermis and into hypodermis
5 layers
At bottom hair bulb whic contains dermal hair papillae

24
Q

What does a hair shafts contan

A

Cells and keratin and meals oxygen in hair bulb control colour

25
Q

What are sebaceous glands

A

Associated with hair follicle
Produce sebum - keeps skin soft and supple
Holocrine secretion

26
Q

What are arrector pili muscles

A

Small band smooth muscle associated with hair follicle
From dermis
Receives innervation from symp nervous syst

27
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine and apocrine

28
Q

What are eccrine glands

A

Found everywhere in the skin
Gland is a coiled tube with a duct leading to skin
Watery sweat to skin surface

29
Q

What is an apocrine gland

A

Similar structure to eccrine
But restricted to areas such as axillae, groin
Produce milky fluid
Ducts end on hair shaft

30
Q

What are the 3 plexuses of the skin

A

Dermis - papillary plexus
Subcutis - cutaneous plexus
Subcutaneous plexus

31
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the skin

A

Skin largest sensory organ of body
Free nerve endings - thermo receps, mechanoreceps, nociceptors

Encapsulated nerve endings - meissners corpuscle, pacinian corpuscle

32
Q

How dos the skin provide protection

A

Protects against chemical, thermal and mechanical insults
Protects against bacterial and fungal invasion
Protects against desiccation
Protects against uv light

Histology (17 decks)

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