Bone And Cartilage 1

Question 1

What su the most predominant collagen type formed into dense regular and irregular connective tissue

Answer 1

Type 1

Question 2

What is the basement membrane

Answer 2

Between epithelia and underlying supporting connective tissue lies the basal lamina which constitutes a selective barrier to passage of materials between epithelia and supporting tissue

Also involved in control epi Growth and differentiation

Question 3

What is the composition of the basement membrane

Answer 3

Gags
Type 4 collagen
Glycoproteins (fibronectin, laminin, entactin)

Question 4

What su cartilage

Answer 4

Semi rigid ct consistently chiefly of scattered cells surrounded by a rather amorphous appeared extracellular matrix
Mostly type 2

Question 5

What is cartilage histiogenesis

Answer 5

Cartilage formation
Diff of primitive stellate mesenchymal cells rounded cartilage precursor cells - Chondroblasts
These cells divide and aggregate and syn ground sub
Mature to chondrocytes
Devoid of blood vessels a vascular

Question 6

What is mesenchyme

Answer 6

Primitive connective tissue of embryo
Derived mostly from mesoderm
Also neural crest contributes
Consists of stellate or fusiform cells some reticular fibres and abundant ground substance

Question 7

What are the cells found in cartilage

Answer 7

Chondrocytes (Chondroblasts when immature)
Live in lacuna
Vary in shape and size

Maintain and secrete ECm

Question 8

What does ECm consist of

Answer 8

Water 
Organic material ( collagen, proteoglycans)

Question 9

What is an important glycoprotein in the matrix

Answer 9

Chondronectin a macromole that promotes adherence of chondrocytes To the matrix collagen

Question 10

What su the matrix area

Answer 10

Above chondrocytes high in proteoglycans
Territorial matrix
Matrix at distance has fewer proteoglycans inter territorial matrix

Question 11

What is perichondrium

Answer 11

Cartilage surrounded by this ct layer
Has 2 layers itself
Outer fibrous layer of dense ct and inner chondrogenic layer provides new Chondroblasts to adjacent cartilage

Question 12

What su hyaline cart

Answer 12

Grossly
Blue whit colour
Most common cart

Question 13

What is elastic cart

Answer 13

Grossly light yellow colour

Addition of elastic fibres make it quite flexible

Question 14

What is fribocart

Answer 14

Hybrid between tendon and hyaline cart
Bands densely packed together type 1 collagen
Grossly fibrocart

Question 15

What are the groups of chondrocytes called

Answer 15

Isogenous

Question 16

What cartilage is more cellular elastic or hyaline

Answer 16

Elastic more cellular than hyaline

Question 17

Where are some sites of elastic cartilage

Answer 17

Pinnacle of the ear
Epiglottis
Auditory tube

Question 18

What is fibrocartilage a mixture of

Answer 18

Mix of dense regular connective tissue type 1 and 2 collagen

Question 19

Where are some sites where fibrocartilage is

Answer 19

Intervertebral discs

Where tendon inserts onto disc

Question 20

What su the comparison of cartilage to bone

Answer 20

Cartilage - deformable, permeable, growth apposition all and interstitial

Bone- rigid, not permeable, only apposition all growth

Question 21

What are the functions of bone

Answer 21

Support 
Levers
Protection 
Calcium store 
Haemopoiesis

Question 22

What is the structure of the bone

Answer 22

Outer shell dense corticol bone make up shaft diaphysis

Cancellous or trabecular bone occupies end of the bone epiphysis

Question 23

What are the types of collagen

Answer 23

Type 1 - most abundant
Type 2 - hyaline and elastic cart very thin fibres
Type 3 - reticular fibres can polymerise with other types of collagen
Type 4 - basal lamina doesn’t form fibrils