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Histology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What su the average blood volume

A

4.5-6 litres

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2
Q

What is blood made up of

A

Formed elements and plasma

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3
Q

What are the formed s in the blood

A

Red cells
White cells
platelets

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4
Q

What are the types of white blood cells

A

Granulocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Agranulocytes - lymphocytes, monocytes

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5
Q

What does plasma consist of

A

Water
Protein - albumin, immunoglobulins, clotting factors
Nutrients
Salts

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6
Q

How can the blood be separated

A

Use centrifuge
Red cells more dense
Plasma less dense

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7
Q

What are erythrocytes

A

Rbcs
Bi concave discs
Mature rbc’s not true cells as no nucleus etc
Contain iron protein Hb

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8
Q

What does Hb do

A

Picks up oxygen and deliver to tissues

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9
Q

How long does an erythrocyte last

A

4 months in circulation

Aged cells are removed chiefly by spleen and liver

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10
Q

What are leukocytes

A 
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes 
Monocytes
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11
Q

What are neutrophils

A

Are granulocytes and are the most common type of leukocyte
Cytoplasm contains granules but these stain poorly
Multi lobed nucleus

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12
Q

What are neutrophils

A

Circulate in an inactive state but is unstim enter tissue here they are highly motile phagocytes that ingest bacteria or damaged cells

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13
Q

What are eosinophils

A

The prominent granules
Larger than neutrophils
Bilobed nucleus
Hydrolytic enzymes

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14
Q

What are basophils

A 
Rarest 
Bilobed nucleus 
Granules contain heparin and histamine 
Effector cells in allergic reactions 
Structural unit to mast cells
Have IgE receptors
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15
Q

What are monocytes

A

Found in bone marrow and blood serves as precursor of tissue macrophages
Largely found in loose ct
Include resident phagocytes kupffer cells in liver

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16
Q

What are the two general classes of lymphocytes

A

B cells T cells

17
Q

Where do T cells diff

A

In the thymus

18
Q

B cells give rise to

A

Antibody secreting plasma cells while T cells perform many defense functions

19
Q

What do platelets play a key role in

A

Hematostasis

Prevention of blood loss

20
Q

What are some stem cell classes

A

Totipotent - fine all cell types
Pluripotent - give rise to functional cell types of an mainland
Multipotent - can give rise to a restricted set of cell types
Committed progenitor cells - prod only one cell type

21
Q

Where are megakaryocytes found

A

In the bone marrow

22
Q

How is prod of blood cells controlled

A

Control of growth factors and hormones
Colony stimulating factors
Interleukins - prod leukocytes

Prolif
Diff
Maturation

23
Q

What are the two forms of caps

A

Continuous and fenestrated

Histology (17 decks)

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