Blood Flashcards
What su the average blood volume
4.5-6 litres
What is blood made up of
Formed elements and plasma
What are the formed s in the blood
Red cells
White cells
platelets
What are the types of white blood cells
Granulocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Agranulocytes - lymphocytes, monocytes
What does plasma consist of
Water
Protein - albumin, immunoglobulins, clotting factors
Nutrients
Salts
How can the blood be separated
Use centrifuge
Red cells more dense
Plasma less dense
What are erythrocytes
Rbcs
Bi concave discs
Mature rbc’s not true cells as no nucleus etc
Contain iron protein Hb
What does Hb do
Picks up oxygen and deliver to tissues
How long does an erythrocyte last
4 months in circulation
Aged cells are removed chiefly by spleen and liver
What are leukocytes
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes
What are neutrophils
Are granulocytes and are the most common type of leukocyte
Cytoplasm contains granules but these stain poorly
Multi lobed nucleus
What are neutrophils
Circulate in an inactive state but is unstim enter tissue here they are highly motile phagocytes that ingest bacteria or damaged cells
What are eosinophils
The prominent granules
Larger than neutrophils
Bilobed nucleus
Hydrolytic enzymes
What are basophils
Rarest Bilobed nucleus Granules contain heparin and histamine Effector cells in allergic reactions Structural unit to mast cells Have IgE receptors
What are monocytes
Found in bone marrow and blood serves as precursor of tissue macrophages
Largely found in loose ct
Include resident phagocytes kupffer cells in liver
What are the two general classes of lymphocytes
B cells T cells
Where do T cells diff
In the thymus
B cells give rise to
Antibody secreting plasma cells while T cells perform many defense functions
What do platelets play a key role in
Hematostasis
Prevention of blood loss
What are some stem cell classes
Totipotent - fine all cell types
Pluripotent - give rise to functional cell types of an mainland
Multipotent - can give rise to a restricted set of cell types
Committed progenitor cells - prod only one cell type
Where are megakaryocytes found
In the bone marrow
How is prod of blood cells controlled
Control of growth factors and hormones
Colony stimulating factors
Interleukins - prod leukocytes
Prolif
Diff
Maturation
What are the two forms of caps
Continuous and fenestrated
